Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,873 results found
Article
Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography
Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (occasionally abbreviated as ce-VUS) is a relatively novel contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic technique utilizing microbubbles to detect vesicoureteral reflux.
Indications
Suspected or confirmed vesicoureteral reflux is the primary indication for contra...
Article
Bill bar
Bill bar (TA: crista verticalis) also known as the vertical crest, is a bony anatomical landmark that divides the superior compartment of the internal acoustic meatus into an anterior and posterior compartment. Anterior to Bill bar, in the anterior superior quadrant, are the facial nerve (CN VII...
Article
Biotin deficiency
Biotin deficiency is very rare. Biotin is a vitamin which acts as an enzymatic cofactor with a key role in energy production and the synthesis of fats. Biotin is present in a diverse range of cereals, nuts, seeds and eggs. Hence, true deficiency is unusual. It has been observed in the following ...
Article
Reeder and Felson's Gamuts in Radiology
Reeder and Felson's Gamuts in Radiology, first published in 1975, provided comprehensive lists of radiological differential diagnoses, or gamuts, and was a bestseller for many years. The publisher is Springer.
The first edition was edited and, primarily, written by Ben Felson and Maurice M Reed...
Article
Models (machine learning)
Each machine learning model will vary whilst being determined in part by the type of problem being solved. Although much of the work in the field of image processing generally, and more specifically radiology, has focussed on convolutional neural networks, a type of neural network, a number of o...
Article
Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the commonest of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Its key presenting features are recurrent abdominal pain and change in bowel habit (diarrhea and/or constipation), which may be severe, such that for an individual, there may be a marked negativ...
Article
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS), also known as disseminated dermatofibrosis lenticularis 2, comprises osteopoikilosis associated with disseminated connective tissue and cutaneous yellowish nevi, predominantly on the extremities and trunk 1. Genetic work has linked this syndrome to both isolate...
Article
Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces
Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces, rather than a distinct disease, represents a spectrum of radiological patterns of tumor growth mainly characterized by lesions arising or abutting the walls of cystic airspaces. Attention to this pattern has been brought in recent decades primarily d...
Article
Acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis (historical)
Acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also known as acute extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is a legacy term not recommended in the guidelines (c. 2020) 9. It refers to the episodic form of this condition usually happening in just a few hours after the antigen exposure and often recurring with the re...
Article
Pulmonary necrotizing granuloma
Pulmonary necrotizing granuloma refers to rather blanket term covering a group of entities which can result in granuloma formation with associated necrosis.
Pathology
On a pathologic specimen a necrotizing granuloma comprises of aggregates of macrophages transformed into epithelium-like cells...
Article
Galloway-Mowat syndrome
Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by nephrotic syndrome and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, namely microcephaly.
Epidemiology
Galloway-Mowat syndrome is considered extremely rare. Approximately 40 cases have been reported worldwide...
Article
Umbilical vein varix
Umbilical vein varix (UVV) refers to a focal dilatation of the umbilical vein.
Epidemiology
Associations
UVVs were initially thought to have a high association with other anomalies which include:
chromosomal anomalies: 5-12% with FIUVV 2,3
Down syndrome
underlying congenital cardiovascul...
Article
Proliferative myositis
Proliferative myositis (PM) is a rare benign inflammatory myositis. It is sometimes classified as a subtype of a pseudosarcomatous proliferative soft-tissue lesion.
Epidemiology
Thought to commonly occur in middle-aged adults (around 50 years), but has also been described in children.
Clinica...
Article
Glenoid hypoplasia
Glenoid hypoplasia, also known as glenoid dysplasia, is an uncommon congenital condition resulting from underdevelopment of inferior glenoid ossification center.
Epidemiology
Although previously considered rare, there is increasing recognition of a spectrum of glenoid hypoplasia with the incre...
Article
Emphysematous pancreatitis
Emphysematous pancreatitis is an unusual complication of acute pancreatitis caused by necrotizing infection of the pancreas. It is associated with gas-forming bacteria and characterized by the presence of gas within or around the pancreas 1.
Pathology
Infection with gas-forming bacteria such ...
Article
Oxygen masks
Oxygen masks are commonly visible on chest imaging, as they are generally not removed before the examination is performed.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
Oxygen masks are of soft-tissue density and may mimic lung lesions. A nebuliser mask with liquid in its cup causing an air-fluid l...
Article
Bagassosis
Bagassosis refers to a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis related to a mouldy molasses usually related to sugar cane dry pulpy fibrous residue called bagasse (Thermoactinomyces sacchari). It is considered to reflect a reaction to organic dust and is becoming rarer.
Article
Anal cancer (staging)
The TNM staging of anal cancer is as follows:
Primary tumor (T)
TX: primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0: no evidence of primary tumor
Tis: carcinoma in situ (Bowen disease, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL], anal intraepithelial neoplasia II-III (AIN II-III)
T1: tumor 2 cm o...
Article
Mickey Mouse sign (disambiguation)
In medical imaging, a Mickey Mouse sign or appearance has been given to imaging features that mimic Mickey Mouse when viewed from the front. It has been described in the following:
anencephaly 2
progressive supranuclear palsy 1
synonymously with a finger in glove sign
the flared shape of the...
Article
Anastomosing hemangioma
Anastomosing hemangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms consisting of thin-walled anastomosing vessels. These lesions have been just added to the WHO classification of soft tissue tumors in 2020 as a separate entity 1-3
Epidemiology
Anastomosing hemangiomas are rare lesions with a wide range of...
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