Skull (Caldwell view)
Updates to Article Attributes
Title
was changed:
Skull: Caldwell view (angled skull PA view)
Body
was changed:
The Caldwell view is a caudally angled PA radiograph of the skull, designed to better visualize the paranasal sinuses, especially the frontal sinus.
Patient position
- patient is seated in front of the upright detector
- the patient's forehead is placed against the image detector
- forehead and nose are both touching the detector
- the orbitomeatal line is running perpendicular to the detector
- petrous ridge is below orbits
Technical factors
-
imageposteroanterior projection -
centring point
- angled caudad around 15° to exit at the nasion
-
collimation
- laterally to the skin margins
- superior/inferior to the areas of the sinus cavities
-
orientation
- portrait
-
detector size
: 24- 24 cm x 30 cm
-
exposure
- 70-80 kVp
- 20 mAs
-
SID
- 100 cm
-
grid
- yes
X-ray beam featuresImage technical evaluation
-
no rotation evident via the
beam travels posteriorsymmetrical nature of the orbits - the innominate lines should be equal distance from the lateral borders of the orbits
Practical points
-
always guarantee your patient is not 'hunched' over, when they are being examined, this can cause artefact from the shoulders and the patient is more likely to
anterior (PA) direction, caudally angulated by 15°be rotated; best to move the chair up close to the detector so they are sitting up straight for the x-ray -
source-to-image distance: 40" (100 cm)remeber, having your head against an upright deector isnt comfertable at all, try to have everything set up before you position the patient to ensure patient comfort 80-85 kVp at 25 mAs (or AEC)-
grid is usedconstantly use a side marker and regularly place it PA, skulls can get tricky with siding, a lot of venders tend to 'flip' images to appear AP
- +<li>patient is seated in front of the upright detector</li>
- +<li>forehead and nose are both touching the detector</li>
- +<li>the orbitomeatal line is running perpendicular to the detector</li>
-<li>image size: 24 x 30 cm</li>-</ul><h4>X-ray beam features</h4><ul>-<li>the beam travels posterior to anterior (PA) direction, caudally angulated by 15°</li>-<li>source-to-image distance: 40" (100 cm)</li>-<li>80-85 kVp at 25 mAs (or AEC)</li>-<li>grid is used</li>- +</ul><h4>Technical factors</h4><ul>
- +<li><strong>posteroanterior projection </strong></li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>centring point</strong><strong> </strong><ul><li>angled caudad around 15° to exit at the nasion </li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>collimation</strong><ul>
- +<li>laterally to the skin margins</li>
- +<li>superior/inferior to the areas of the sinus cavities </li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>orientation </strong><em> </em><ul><li>portrait </li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>detector size</strong><ul><li>24 cm x 30 cm </li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>exposure</strong><ul>
- +<li>70-80 kVp</li>
- +<li>20 mAs</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>SID</strong><ul><li>100 cm</li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<strong>grid</strong><ul><li>yes </li></ul>
- +</li>
- +</ul><h4>Image technical evaluation </h4><ul>
- +<li>no rotation evident via the symmetrical nature of the orbits </li>
- +<li>the innominate lines should be equal distance from the lateral borders of the orbits</li>
- +</ul><h4>Practical points </h4><ul>
- +<li>always guarantee your patient is not 'hunched' over, when they are being examined, this can cause artefact from the shoulders and the patient is more likely to be rotated; best to move the chair up close to the detector so they are sitting up straight for the x-ray</li>
- +<li>remeber, having your head against an upright deector isnt comfertable at all, try to have everything set up before you position the patient to ensure patient comfort </li>
- +<li>constantly use a side marker and regularly place it PA, skulls can get tricky with siding, a lot of venders tend to 'flip' images to appear AP</li>
References changed:
- 2. Jr RBJ, FACR BJMMDP, Osborn AG et-al. Diagnostic Imaging: Emergency: Published by Amirsys. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN:1931884765. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1931884765">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1931884765">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>
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