Splenic lesions and anomalies

Last revised by Francis Deng ◉ on 15 Jan 2025

Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data

Citation:

Weerakkody Y, Deng F, Campos A, et al. Splenic lesions and anomalies. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 17 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-8573

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-8573

Permalink:

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/8573?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252525252525252F%2525252525252540yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%252525252525252Fbnjhjgjghjghjgh

rID:

8573

Article created:

13 Feb 2010, Yuranga Weerakkody ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was created Yuranga Weerakkody had no recorded disclosures.

View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosures

Last revised:

15 Jan 2025, Francis Deng ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was last revised Francis Deng had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.

View Francis Deng's current disclosures

Revisions:

49 times, by 27 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures

Systems:

Gastrointestinal

Sections:

Gamuts

Tags:

spleen

Synonyms:

Splenic lesions
Splenic anomalies
Anomalies of the spleen

There are a number of splenic lesions and anomalies:

Gamuts

hypervascular splenic lesions

Congenital anomalies

Mass lesions

Benign mass lesions

splenic cyst
splenic pseudocyst
splenic hemangioma: most common benign splenic lesion
splenic lymphangioma
splenic hamartoma
sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT): fibrosing variant of hamartoma
extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen
splenic abscess: sonographically characterized by multiple “target” lesions
splenic hydatid cysts
splenic inflammatory pseudotumor⁷
splenic lipoma
splenic angiomyolipoma
splenic fibroma ⁷
sarcoidosis
focal splenic lesions in type I Gaucher disease ⁸
splenic hematoma ¹⁰

Indeterminate mass lesions

solitary fibrous tumors - range from indolent to aggressive (WHO grade 1-3)
littoral cell angioma of the spleen
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the spleen

Malignant mass lesions

splenic lymphoma: commonest malignant tumor with splenic involvement ²
angiosarcoma of spleen: commonest primary malignant splenic tumor³
splenic metastases: 50% of which are from malignant melanoma
splenic malignant fibrous histiocytoma ⁹

Diffuse infiltrative processes

These usually manifest as splenomegaly. Some can present as distinct lesions (e.g. granulomas).

Multifocal splenic lesions

Other abnormalities

splenic rupture
- traumatic: spleen is the most frequently injured intra-abdominal organ in blunt trauma ²
- non-traumatic
splenic infarction
splenosis
splenic peliosis

References

1. Dodds WJ, Taylor AJ, Erickson SJ et-al. Radiologic imaging of splenic anomalies. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;155 (4): 805-10. AJR Am J Roentgenol (abstract) - Pubmed citation
2. Taylor AJ, Dodds WJ, Erickson SJ et-al. CT of acquired abnormalities of the spleen. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;157 (6): 1213-9. AJR Am J Roentgenol (abstract) - Pubmed citation
3. Vrachliotis TG, Bennett WF, Vaswani KK et-al. Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen--CT, MR, and sonographic characteristics: report of two cases. Abdom Imaging. 25 (3): 283-5. Abdom Imaging (link) - Pubmed citation
4. Ferrozzi F, Bova D, Draghi F et-al. CT findings in primary vascular tumors of the spleen. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;166 (5): 1097-101. AJR Am J Roentgenol (citation) - Pubmed citation
5. Yildiz AE, Ariyurek MO, Karcaaltincaba M. Yildiz AE, Ariyurek MO, Karcaaltincaba M. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Apr 21;2013:321810. doi: 10.1155/2013/321810. Print 2013. get pdf
6. Falk GA, Nooli NP, Morris-Stiff G et-al. Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT) of the spleen: Case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2012;3 (10): 492-500. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2012.06.003 - Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
7. R.K. Kaza, S. Azar, M.M. Al-Hawary, I.R. Francis. Primary and secondary neoplasms of the spleen. (2018) Cancer Imaging. 10 (1): 173. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2010.0026 - Pubmed
8. Stein P, Malhotra A, Haims A, Pastores GM, Mistry PK. Focal splenic lesions in type I Gaucher disease are associated with poor platelet and splenic response to macrophage-targeted enzyme replacement therapy. (2010) Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 33 (6): 769. doi:10.1007/s10545-010-9175-6 - Pubmed
9. R.K. Kaza, S. Azar, M.M. Al-Hawary, I.R. Francis. Primary and secondary neoplasms of the spleen. (2018) Cancer Imaging. 10 (1): 173. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2010.0026 - Pubmed
10. Wolfgang Dähnert. Radiology Review Manual. (2011) ISBN: 9781609139438