Presentation
Right side proptosis.
Patient Data
Dilatation of right superior ophthalmic vein and engorgement of the right cavernous sinus. There is right-sided proptosis, diffuse thickening of right extra-ocular muscles.
Incidental left staphyloma.
Case Discussion
Caroticocavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal connections between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus. These fistulas can be categorized based on the nature and origin of the abnormal communication into two main types: direct and indirect.
Direct caroticocavernous fistula: communication between the intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) and the cavernous sinus.
Indirect caroticocavernous fistula: communication via branches of the carotid circulation, involving either the internal carotid artery or the external carotid artery.
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