Presentation
Urinary urgency for ultrasound assessment.
Patient Data

Multiple echogenic interfaces are seen in both kidneys, with loss of the corticomedullary differentiation. Some small defined simple cysts are noted.
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Both kidneys show multiple microcysts, corresponding to the multiple echogenic interfaces described in the ultrasound. Some simple cysts are also confirmed. This appearance is typical of lithium-induced nephropathy.
Incidental vertebral hemangioma in L3.
Case Discussion
The history of Lithium intake was not volunteered. A phone call to the treating physician revealed that patient suffers of Bipolar Disorder for a long time and had been taking Lithium for more than 10 years.
(With contributions from Dr Thomas Snow and Dr Carl Kua)