Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (type III)
Updates to Case Attributes
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) occurs when all pulmonary veins fail to drain into the left atrium. Instead, all pulmonary veins drain anomalously into the systemic venous tributaries or into the right atrium. An interatrial communication (right-to-left shunt), either an atrial septal defect (ASD) or patent foramen ovale (PFO), is necessary for survival.
Depending on the drainage site of the pulmonary veins, the anomaly may be divided into the four types. The current case represents type III (infracardiac or infradiaphragmatic), which accounts for 13% of TAPVR cases.The common pulmonary venous sinus drains to the portal vein, ductus venosus, hepatic vein, or inferior vena cava (IVC). The common pulmonary vein penetrates the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus. This type is virtually always accompanied by some degree of obstructed venous return.
-<![endif]--><!--StartFragment-->Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) occurs when all pulmonary veins fail to drain into the left atrium. Instead, all pulmonary veins drain anomalously into the systemic venous tributaries or into the right atrium. An interatrial communication (right-to-left shunt), either an atrial septal defect (ASD) or patent foramen ovale (PFO), is necessary for survival.</p><p>Depending on the drainage site of the pulmonary veins, the anomaly may be divided into the four types. The current case represents type III (infracardiac or infradiaphragmatic), which accounts for 13% of TAPVR cases. The common pulmonary venous sinus drains to the portal vein, ductus venosus, hepatic vein, or inferior vena cava (IVC). The common pulmonary vein penetrates the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus. This type is virtually always accompanied by some degree of obstructed venous return.</p><p><!--EndFragment--></p>- +<![endif]--><!--StartFragment--><a title="Total anomalous pulmonary venous return" href="/articles/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return">Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)</a> occurs when all pulmonary veins fail to drain into the left atrium. Instead, all pulmonary veins drain anomalously into the systemic venous tributaries or into the right atrium. An interatrial communication (right-to-left shunt), either an <a title="Atrial septal defect" href="/articles/atrial-septal-defect-2">atrial septal defect (ASD)</a> or <a title="Patent foramen ovale" href="/articles/patent-foramen-ovale">patent foramen ovale (PFO)</a>, is necessary for survival.</p><p>Depending on the drainage site of the pulmonary veins, the anomaly may be divided into the four types. The current case represents type III (infracardiac or infradiaphragmatic), which accounts for 13% of TAPVR cases. The common pulmonary venous sinus drains to the portal vein, ductus venosus, hepatic vein, or inferior vena cava (IVC). The common pulmonary vein penetrates the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus. This type is virtually always accompanied by some degree of obstructed venous return.</p><p><!--EndFragment--></p>
References changed:
- Demos TC, Posniak HV, Pierce KL et-al. Venous anomalies of the thorax. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182 (5): 1139-50. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.182.5.1821139">doi:10.2214/ajr.182.5.1821139</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15100109">Pubmed citation</a><span class="auto"></span>
- Ferguson EC, Krishnamurthy R, Oldham SA. Classic imaging signs of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. Radiographics. 2007;27 (5): 1323-34. <a href="http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/27/5/1323.full">Radiographics (full text)</a> - <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.275065148">doi:10.1148/rg.275065148</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848694">Pubmed citation</a><span class="auto"></span>
- Demos TC, Posniak HV, Pierce KL et al. Venous anomalies of the thorax. AJR 2004; 182(5): 1139-1150.
- Ferguson EC, Krishnamurthy R, Oldham SA. Classic imaging signs of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. Radiographics 27(5): 1323-1334.
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