Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,864 results found
Article
Physiological pelvic intraperitoneal fluid
Physiological pelvic intraperitoneal fluid refers to the presence of a small volume of free fluid in the pelvis, particularly the pouch of Douglas. It occurs in young females of reproductive age and can be a mimic of traumatic free fluid in abdominal trauma.
Unfortunately, pelvic free fluid may...
Article
Glasgow-Blatchford score
The Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) is a widely-used and well-validated scoring system for upper GI bleeding and the need for intervention.
Score
The scoring system relies upon knowing the patient's urea, hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and several other criteria. Each criterion is scored,...
Article
Eaton classification of volar plate avulsion injury
The Eaton classification was proposed by Eaton and Malerich in 1980, and along with the Keifhaber-Stern classification, is one of the most widely accepted classifications of volar plate avulsion injuries 1.
Knowledge of the orthopedic Eaton classification is practical when reporting volar plat...
Article
Dysplastic liver nodules
Dysplastic liver nodules are focal nodular regions (≥1 mm) without definite evidence of malignancy.
Epidemiology
They have been found in cirrhotic patients with a prevalence of 14% (size >1.0 cm) to 37% (size >0.5 cm) 2.
Associations
cirrhosis
Pathology
Dysplasia indicates:
nuclear atypia...
Article
Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung
Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) of the lung is a relatively new category in the classification of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lesions that fall into this category refer to small solitary adenocarcinomas <3 cm (i.e. <30 mm) with either pure lepidic growth or predominant lepidic growth wit...
Article
Pediatric scaphoid (axial view)
The scaphoid axial view in pediatrics examines the scaphoid bone in its true anatomical position. Since minimizing radiation dose is essential in pediatric imaging, one posteroanterior angled view of the scaphoid is usually sufficient. The scaphoid bone begins ossification at age 5 years and com...
Article
Esophageal web
Esophageal webs refer to an esophageal constriction caused by a thin mucosal membrane projecting into the lumen.
Epidemiology
Esophageal webs tend to affect middle-aged females.
Clinical presentation
Patients are usually asymptomatic and the finding may be incidental and unimportant. However...
Article
Spinal epidural venous plexus congestion
Spinal epidural venous plexus congestion or dilatation is typically a complication of other pathologies.
Clinical presentation
Radiculopathy caused by the dilated epidural veins is not uncommon 1. More severe symptoms such as cauda equina compression syndrome have been reported 6, 7.
Patholo...
Article
Chondromesenchymal hamartoma
Chondromesenchymal hamartomas are rare, benign, tumor-like nasal masses in children that have been associated with DICER1 mutations.
Epidemiology
The entity is rare: a systematic review of the literature in 2015 identified fewer than 50 reported cases 2. The mean age of presentation is 10 year...
Article
Cellulitis
Cellulitis (rare plural: cellulitides) is an acute infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues without deep fascial or muscular involvement. It results in pain, erythema, edema, and warmth. Since the epidermis is not involved, cellulitis is not transmitted by person-to-person contact.
Epid...
Article
5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery
5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery is an intraoperative technique that takes advantage of tumor cells accumulating a fluorescent compound to make the location of the tumor more readily apparent. It is primarily used in the resection of high-grade gliomas (e.g. glioblastoma, grade 3 or 4 astrocyto...
Article
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common adult primary brain tumor and are aggressive, relatively resistant to therapy, and have a corresponding poor prognosis.
They typically appear as heterogeneous masses centered in the white matter with irregular peripheral enhancement, central necrosis, and...
Article
Circumcaval ureter
Circumcaval ureter, also known as retrocaval ureter, is a term used to describe an abnormal course of a ureter that encircles the inferior vena cava. Both of these terms are somewhat misleading, as this configuration is considered a developmental anomaly of the inferior vena cava (IVC).
Clinic...
Article
Radiomics quality score
The radiomics quality score (RQS) assesses the characteristics and, ultimately, the quality of a radiomics study, including its reporting. The score has thirty-six potential points given based on sixteen criteria, with a score of thirty-six indicating superlative quality. The criteria emphasize ...
Article
Esophageal carcinoma
Esophageal carcinoma is globally the 7th most common cancer and 6th most common cause of cancer-related death as per NCCN version 3.2023. It tends to present with increasing dysphagia, initially to solids and progressing to liquids as the tumor increases in size, obstructing the lumen of the eso...
Article
Choledochocele
Choledochoceles are a specific type of choledochal cyst (type III under the Todani classification system).
Epidemiology
Patients are usually adolescents and may present with a recurrent crisis of right upper quadrant pain, hyperamylasemia, or jaundice ref.
Pathology
In this type, there is ...
Article
Cricopharyngeal bar
Cricopharyngeal bar refers to the radiographic appearance of a prominent cricopharyngeus muscle contour on barium swallow.
Terminology
The terms cricopharyngeal bar and cricopharyngeal muscle spasm/achalasia are often used synonymously but this is incorrect because studies have demonstrated th...
Article
Thyroid teratoma
Thyroid teratomas are rare tumors distinct from thyroid tissue found in mature teratomas, which are well documented 1. Even rarer still are malignant teratomas of the thyroid.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation is generally no different than that of other thyroid masses, presentin...
Article
Brain arteriovenous malformation
Brain arteriovenous malformations are a type of intracranial high-flow vascular malformation composed of enlarged feeding arteries, a nidus of vessels closely associated with the brain parenchyma through which arteriovenous shunting occurs, and draining veins.
Terminology
This article correspo...
Article
Adrenal hemorrhage
Adrenal hemorrhage can result from a variety of traumatic and non-traumatic causes. When unilateral, it is often clinically silent. In contrast, bilateral adrenal hemorrhage can lead to catastrophic adrenal insufficiency.
Clinical presentation
The clinical signs of adrenal hemorrhage are very ...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.