Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,879 results found
Article
Pneumatocele
Pneumatoceles are intrapulmonary gas-filled cystic spaces that can have a variety of sizes and appearances. They usually occur as a result of pneumonia or in neonates as the result of a ventilator-induced lung injury. They should not be mistaken for a cavitating lung mass.
Epidemiology
Althou...
Article
Meckel diverticulum
Meckel diverticulum is a congenital intestinal diverticulum due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct that occurs around the distal ileum. It is considered the most common structural congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract.
Epidemiology
...
Article
Endometrial polyp
Endometrial polyps are benign nodular protrusions of the endometrial surface, and one of the entities included in a differential of endometrial thickening. Endometrial polyps can either be sessile or pedunculated. They can often be suggested on ultrasound or MRI studies but may require sonohyste...
Article
Dynamic hip screw
A dynamic hip screw (DHS) is a femoral head-sparing orthopedic device used to treat femoral neck fractures. It is sometimes referred to as a pin and plate.
Femoral neck fractures that are undisplaced and hence have a low risk of osteonecrosis (Garden I and II fractures) can be treated with head...
Article
Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is one of three major nuclei that make up the trigeminal sensory nerve nuclear complex along with the main sensory nucleus and the mesencephalic nucleus 1,2.
Gross anatomy
The spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve is a paired structure and is an infe...
Article
Eye of the tiger sign (globus pallidus)
The eye of the tiger sign refers to symmetric bilateral abnormal low signal on T2-weighted MRI (due to abnormal accumulation of iron) in the globus pallidus with central high signal (due to gliosis and spongiosis).
The eye of the tiger sign is most classically associated with pantothenate kinas...
Article
Decompressive craniectomy
Decompressive craniectomies are craniectomies performed to relieve raised intracranial pressure, most commonly in the setting of florid cerebral edema following cranial trauma or swelling following infarction 1.
History
Craniectomies for the treatment of cranial trauma date back to at least 10...
Article
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune polyradiculopathies, involving sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. It is the most common cause of rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis. It is believed to be one of a number of related conditions, sharing a similar underlying...
Article
Bertolotti syndrome
Bertolotti syndrome refers to the association between lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and low back pain.
Although it may be a consideration in younger patients, the entity is considered controversial and has been both supported and disputed. Some studies suggest lumbosacral transitional vert...
Article
Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome
Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome refers to a spectrum of neurological conditions which share autoantibodies to the ganglioside complex GQ1b, and have overlapping clinical presentations.
Clinical presentation
Typical anti-GQ1b antibody syndromes with ophthalmoplegia include 1,3:
Miller Fisher syn...
Article
Rotator cuff tear arthropathy
Rotator cuff tear arthropathy is a spectrum of degenerative disease that develops due in a rotator cuff deficient shoulder. The term encompasses both rotator cuff tendinopathic change as well as associated joint degenerative change.
Epidemiology
Elderly women are affected more than men and it...
Article
Split scar sign (rectal cancer response assessment)
The split scar sign has been described as a feature on rectal cancer MRI studies acquired following chemoradiotherapy and having a high specificity and positive predictive value for a complete response 1. In a meta-analysis that observed an average complete response rate of 38%, the presence of ...
Article
Myocardial area at risk
The myocardial area at risk (AAR) is defined by the ischemic proportion of the myocardium after coronary occlusion and reflects the potential size of the myocardial infarction 1-9.
Usage
The assessment of the myocardial area at risk is an important measure in the evaluation of the potentially ...
Article
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome, also known as pituitary stalk transection syndrome, is a syndrome characterized by an absent or hypoplastic anterior pituitary gland, thin or absent infundibulum, and ectopic posterior pituitary location.
Epidemiology
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome...
Article
Cerebellar hemorrhage
Cerebellar hemorrhages are a common form of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and usually occur due to poorly controlled long-standing hypertension, although other causes also exist. When due to chronic hypertension, the stigmata of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy are often present (see: cerebr...
Article
Pontine hemorrhage
Pontine hemorrhages are a common form of intracerebral hemorrhage, and usually are a result of poorly controlled long-standing hypertension, although also have other causes. When due to chronic hypertension, the stigmata of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy are often present (see cerebral micr...
Article
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), previously known as hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), is a condition arising from occlusion of hepatic venules.
Clinical presentation
right upper quadrant pain
painful hepatomegaly
ascites
abnormal liver function tests
Pathology
Toxic injury to l...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (I)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter I and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Basal ganglia hemorrhage
Basal ganglia hemorrhages are a common form of intracerebral hemorrhage, and usually result from poorly controlled long-standing hypertension, although they also have other causes. When due to chronic hypertension, the stigmata of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy are often present (see cerebr...
Article
Thalamic hemorrhage
Thalamic hemorrhages are a common form of intracerebral hemorrhage, and usually are a result of poorly controlled long-standing hypertension, although also have other causes. When due to chronic hypertension, the stigmata of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy are often present (see cerebral mic...
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