Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,873 results found
Article
Corpus callosum
The corpus callosum (plural: corpora callosa) is the largest of the commissural fibers, linking the cerebral cortex of the left and right cerebral hemispheres. It is the largest white matter tract in the brain.
Summary
located inferior to the cerebral cortices, and superior to the thalamus
co...
Article
Positive ulnar variance
Positive ulnar variance describes where the distal articular surface of the ulna is more than 2.5 mm distal to the articular surface of the radius.
It plays important role in wrist pathology such as ulnar impaction syndromes and thinning of the triangular fibrocartilage complex.
Radiographic ...
Article
Metacarpal fracture
Metacarpal fractures are common accounting for 10% of all fractures and 40% of all hand fractures.
Terminology
Specific names are given to fractures of the base of the first metacarpal (see: fractures of the thumb):
Bennett fracture dislocation
Rolando fracture
epibasal thumb fracture
gam...
Article
Radiology (journal)
Radiology is a peer-reviewed monthly journal published by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and its first edition was issued in September 1923 1.
Its current editor is David A Bluemke. It was recently announced that Linda Moy, an American breast radiologist, had been appointed as...
Article
Tibiotalar angle
The tibiotalar angle is between the anatomic axis of the tibia and the superior articular surface of the talar dome. Differently from the talar tilt, the tibiotalar angle uses the tibial longitudinal axis instead of the distal articular surface as a tibial reference point.
Usage
The tibiotalar...
Article
Revised PIOPED criteria for diagnosis of pulmonary embolus
The revised PIOPED criteria for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolus indicate the probability of pulmonary emboli based on findings on V/Q scan (ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy). The following article reflects the revised interpretation criteria promulgated in 1993 1 based on retrospective anal...
Article
Pregnancy of uncertain viability
Pregnancy of uncertain viability (PUV) is a term given to an intrauterine pregnancy in a situation where there are not enough criteria (usually on ultrasound grounds) to confidently categorize an intrauterine pregnancy as either viable or a failed pregnancy.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
...
Article
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is defined as that occurring distal to the ligament of Treitz (i.e. from the jejunum, ileum, colon, rectum or anus) and presenting as either hematochezia (bright red blood/clots or burgundy stools) or melena.
Epidemiology
The incidence of lower gastrointe...
Article
Little leaguer's elbow
The little leaguer's elbow was initially coined to describe medial epicondyle avulsion, but now it refers to a range of acquired elbow abnormalities in a skeletally immature patient engaged in overhead sports such as tennis, baseball, etc.
Epidemiology
It occurs in skeletally immature athletes...
Article
Acromial types
The shape of the acromion had been initially divided into three types (which was known as the Bigliani classification) 3, to which a fourth has been added 2. They are used as a standardized way of describing the acromion, as well as predicting to a degree the incidence of impingement.
Classifi...
Article
Rigler sign (bowel)
The Rigler sign, also known as the double-wall sign, is a sign of pneumoperitoneum seen on an abdominal radiograph when gas is outlining both sides of the bowel wall, i.e. gas within the bowel's lumen and gas within the peritoneal cavity. It is seen with large amounts of pneumoperitoneum (>1000 ...
Article
Klebsiella
Klebsiella is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, which is relatively commonly encountered in the healthcare environment. It has numerous species, including K. pneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and K. rhinoscleromatis 1. Klebsiella may cause a range of infections, most commo...
Article
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Intraventricular hemorrhage denotes the presence of blood within the cerebral ventricular system. It is associated with significant morbidity due to the risk of obstructive hydrocephalus.
It can be divided into primary or secondary, with primary hemorrhage being far less common than secondary:...
Article
Calponin
Calponin is an actin-binding protein regulating actin/myosin interaction in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells 1,2. It inhibits actin-activated myosin ATPase and stabilizes the actin cytoskeleton. It also serves as a target in immunohistochemistry where it can be used for the identification of m...
Article
Susceptibility vessel sign
The susceptibility vessel sign is a radiological sign appreciated on susceptibility-sensitive MRI brain sequences that is described in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It correlates well with the hyperdense vessel sign (e.g. hyperdense MCA sign) that may be seen on CT brain, but is considere...
Article
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome refers to a group of clinical syndromes caused by congenital or acquired compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian vessels as they pass through the superior thoracic aperture 11.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation will depend on the structure compresse...
Article
Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome
Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (aTOS) is considered rarest from of
thoracic outlet syndrome and can result in compression of arterial structures (especially the subclavian artery) at thoracic outlet, or superior thoracic aperture.
Many of these patients may also have concurrent venous thora...
Article
Vesicoureteric reflux
Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is the term for the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract and is typically encountered in young children.
For grading of vesicoureteric reflux, please refer to vesicoureteric reflux grading.
Epidemiology
The incidence of urinary tract...
Article
Limy bile
Limy bile stands for the presence of a viscous substance in the dependent parts of the gallbladder and/or bile ducts, almost entirely composed of calcium carbonate, and therefore highly radiopaque.
Terminology
The terms limy bile and calcium milk gallbladder can be used interchangeably for inc...
Article
Mylohyoid boutonniere
Mylohyoid boutonniere is a normal focal discontinuity in the mylohyoid muscle, which may permit the sublingual salivary gland, fat or vessels - or a combination thereof - to protrude out from the sublingual space into the submandibular space.
Epidemiology
The finding has been observed in up to...
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