Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,873 results found
Article
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) describes a clinical syndrome of impaired adduction in one eye with dissociated horizontal nystagmus of the other abducting eye, due to a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) ipsilateral to the eye unable to adduct. It is a common finding in multi...
Article
Common carotid artery
The common carotid arteries (CCA) are paired branchless arteries of the neck that supply blood to the head, face and neck. Each common carotid bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries.
Summary
origin:
left: branch of the aortic arch
right: branch of the brachiocephalic trunk
c...
Article
Hemiplegic migraine
Hemiplegic migraines are an uncommon type of migraine with aura wherein patients present with usually reversible motor weakness, typically unilateral. They can be challenging to distinguish from seizure with Todd paresis or ischemic stroke, even with the benefit of MRI 1.
Epidemiology
Compared...
Article
MRI contrast agent safety
Though considered safer than the frequently used iodinated contrast agents used in x-ray and CT studies, there are safety issues with MRI contrast agents as well. Paramagnetic metal ions suitable as MRI contrast agents are all potentially toxic when injected IV at or near doses needed for clinic...
Article
Right lower lobe collapse
Right lower lobe (RLL) collapse has distinctive features, and is usually relatively easily identified. The smaller overlying heart shadow obscures less lung compared with left lower lobe collapse.
Findings of lower lobe collapse can be grouped together as they are almost identical on both side...
Article
Reporting and Data Systems (disambiguation)
There has been a proliferation of Reporting and Data Systems (RADS), which have been proposed - and in many cases widely adopted - as standardized systems for the reporting of imaging of various body organs, often, but certainly not always, with a focus on oncological disease 2. These systems al...
Article
Mumps
Mumps is a (usually) self-limited viral infection that often occurs in epidemics among children. Its incidence has markedly diminished in countries with childhood vaccination programs, but may still be seen in adult patients who have not received vaccinations or who have waning immunity. It may ...
Article
Ovarian serous tumors
Ovarian serous neoplasms are the commonest of four general types of the epithelial ovarian tumors, and are more prevalent than the mucinous ovarian tumors.
Serous ovarian neoplasms are subdivided into benign, borderline, and malignant lesions according to their malignant potential and clinical ...
Article
Kugel's artery
An uncommon variant of coronary arterial anatomy, Kugel's artery was originally described as an anastomotic communication between branches of the proximal left circumflex artery with the distal right coronary artery. These coronary trunks often communicate indirectly through atrial anastomotic n...
Article
Pancoast tumor
Pancoast tumor, also known as superior sulcus tumor, refers to a relatively uncommon situation where a primary lung cancer arises in the lung apex and invades the surrounding soft tissues. Classically a Pancoast syndrome results, but in actuality this is only seen in one quarter of cases.
Term...
Article
Scleroderma (musculoskeletal manifestations)
Musculoskeletal manifestations of scleroderma are common and variable.
For a general discussion of scleroderma, please refer to the parent article: scleroderma.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
Imaging findings demonstrate bone and soft tissue changes 2-4. The hands are the most common...
Article
Glenohumeral arthrography
Glenohumeral (shoulder) arthrography is an imaging technique used to evaluate the glenohumeral joint to evaluate the joint components. A glenohumeral joint injection is usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance although ultrasound and CT can be also be used. An alternative to direct arthrogr...
Article
Keifhaber-Stern classification of volar plate avulsion injuries
The Keifhaber-Stern classification can be used to classify volar plate avulsion injuries of the fingers.
Usage
Along with the Eaton classification, this classification is considered (c. 2016) one of the most useful for the management of volar plate avulsion injuries 2.
For Keifhaber-Stern cl...
Article
MR arthrogram solution
MR arthrogram solution is a gadolinium-containing mixture injected into a joint for MR arthrography.
Terminology
Fluoroscopy, ultrasound or CT guidance can be used to cannulate a joint, which is then injected with the MR arthrogram solution. MR arthrogram solutions differ in different instit...
Article
MR spectroscopy
The technique of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (usually shortened to MR spectroscopy or MRS) allows tissue to be interrogated for the presence and concentration of various metabolites. Grossman and Yousem said "If you need this to help you, go back to page 1; everything except Canavan (disease...
Article
Potential recuperation ratio (PRR)
Potential recuperation ratio (or Lausanne Stroke Index) is a simple quantitative measure of the relative size of ischemic penumbra compared to the non-salvageable ischemic core region in acute stroke. To calculate the PRR, a perfusion CT with infarct and penumbra maps is required. To do this, fi...
Article
Fabry disease
Fabry disease, also known as Anderson-Fabry disease, is a multisystem disorder resulting from an X-linked inborn error of metabolism and is a lysosomal storage disorder. The disease results from genetic mutations in the gene GLA that cause decreased or absent expression of hydrolase alpha-galact...
Article
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific marker of acute inflammation which is seen in a very wide spectrum of pathologies. It has been sidelined by the use of C-reactive protein and other acute phase markers but it still has an important role to play in the management of some cond...
Article
Applying to radiology training in the United Kingdom
Applying to radiology training in the United Kingdom (UK) is through a centralised process for England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland's radiology training recruitment remains a separate process.
Applications are open to those completing or completing their Foundation Training or equivale...
Article
Hydroxyapatite deposition disease
Hydroxyapatite crystal deposition disease (HADD) or calcium apatite deposition disease (CADD) is a disease of uncertain etiology characterized by periarticular and intra-articular calcium deposits.
The shoulder is the most frequently involved site with classic calcific tendinitis presentation. ...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.