Search results for “also”
8,630 results found
Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS manifestations)
Central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (CNS lupus), also known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), describe a very diverse range of neuropsychiatric manifestations that are secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the central nervous...
Article
Meckel diverticulitis
Meckel diverticulitis is the inflammation of a Meckel diverticulum, which is the most common congenital structural abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract 3. Despite this, it is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen and is often not correctly diagnosed pre-operatively.
This article focuses on M...
Article
Grids
Grids are placed between the patient and the x-ray film to reduce the scattered radiation reaching the detector (produced mainly by the Compton effect) and thus improve image contrast.
They are made of parallel strips of high attenuating material such as lead with an interspace filled with low ...
Article
Ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke is an episode of neurological dysfunction due to focal infarction in the central nervous system attributed to arterial thrombosis, embolization, or critical hypoperfusion. While ischemic stroke is formally defined to include brain, spinal cord, and retinal infarcts 1, in common u...
Article
Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis refers to the presence of calculi anywhere along the course of the urinary tracts. For the purpose of the article, the terms urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, and renal/kidney stones are used interchangeably, although some authors have slightly varying definitions of each.
See main a...
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Gastrointestinal MRI contrast agents
Gastrointestinal MRI contrast agents may be helpful in certain clinical scenarios in distinguishing bowel from intra-abdominal masses and normal organs. The contrast agents can be divided into positive agents (appearing bright on MRI) or negative agents (appearing dark on MRI).
Positive contras...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a type of cardiomyopathy defined by left ventricular hypertrophy which cannot otherwise be explained by another cardiac or systemic disease. It is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in infants, teenagers, and young adults.
Terminology
Although hypert...
Article
Pulmonary valve regurgitation
Pulmonary valve regurgitation, also known as pulmonary valve insufficiency or pulmonary valve incompetence, is a valvulopathy that describes leaking of the pulmonary valve diastole that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction from the pulmonary trunk and into the right ventricle.
Epidemio...
Article
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis refers to an infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides spp., usually localized to the lungs. This disease is not to be confused with the similarly named paracoccidioidomycosis.
Epidemiology
The most common species of Coccidioides are Coccidioides immitis and Cocc...
Article
L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria
L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare organic aciduria but has characteristic MRI findings especially in the early stages 1. This can allow for early diagnosis, often prior to biochemical investigations.
Epidemiology
As it is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, consanguineous marriag...
Article
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common adult primary brain tumor and are aggressive, relatively resistant to therapy, and have a corresponding poor prognosis.
They typically appear as heterogeneous masses centered in the white matter with irregular peripheral enhancement, central necrosis, and...
Article
Mitral valve regurgitation
Mitral valve regurgitation, also known as mitral valve insufficiency or mitral valve incompetence, is a valvulopathy that describes leaking of the mitral valve during systole that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction from the left ventricle into the left atrium.
Epidemiology
According...
Article
Spaceflight-induced cerebral changes
Spaceflight-induced cerebral changes, or microgravity-induced cerebral changes, refer to the effects of prolonged microgravity exposure, through spaceflight, on the brain and surrounding structures.
Epidemiology
As the name suggests, spaceflight-induced cerebral changes are limited to patients...
Article
Aceruloplasminemia
Aceruloplasminemia is an autosomal recessive type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation and disorder of iron metabolism caused by a mutation in the ceruloplasmin (CP) gene resulting in the production of dysfunctional ceruloplasmin.
Epidemiology
Aceruloplasminemia is a very rare dis...
Article
Pulmonary sequestration
Pulmonary sequestration, also called accessory lung, refers to the aberrant formation of segmental lung tissue that has no connection with the bronchial tree or pulmonary arteries. It is a bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM).
There are two types:
intralobar sequestration (ILS)
extral...
Article
Pineal region (an approach)
A systematic approach to the pineal region is crucial as it is at the confluence of many intracranial structures/regions and is the site of origin of a number of unique pathologies as well as playing host to many entities which are more frequently encountered elsewhere. As such an understanding ...
Article
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by a distorted perception of reality and bizarre behavior. While the exact cause of schizophrenia is not known, multiple biological, psychological and social factors are thought to play parts in the development of the disease.
Epidemiology
...
Article
Coccidioidal meningitis
Coccidioidal meningitis refers to central nervous system involvement of the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides spp., mainly Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasi.
For a general discussion, and for links to other system specific manifestations, please refer to the article on coccidioidomycos...
Article
Tibial tunnel cyst
Tibial tunnel cysts, including pretibial cysts, are occasional complications of autologous or synthetic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgeries. They are benign ganglion cysts that develop in or around the osseous tibial tunnel made during ACL reconstruction using the transtibi...
Article
William D Coolidge
William D Coolidge (1873-1975) was an American physicist who revolutionised radiology with his groundbreaking x-ray tube, the underlying technology of which remains at the core of every machine more than a century later.
Early life
William David Coolidge was born on 23 October 1873 on a small ...
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