Search results for “subarachnoid hemorrhage”
179 results found
Article
Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm
Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are thought to be minute aneurysms which develop along perforating arteries as a result of chronic hypertension, most commonly in the basal ganglia and other areas such as the thalamus, pons and cerebellum. They are believed to be the source of hypertensive haemorrhage...
Article
Porencephaly
Porencephaly is a rare congenital disorder that results in cystic degeneration and encephalomalacia and the formation of porencephalic cysts. The term is used variably among radiologists with its broadest definition being a cleft or cystic cavity within the brain 9, its more narrow definition be...
Article
Arachnoiditis
Arachnoiditis is a broad term encompassing inflammation of the meninges and subarachnoid space.
Terminology
Arachnoiditis affecting the cauda equina may be referred to as spinal/lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis.
Clinical presentation
Lumbar spine arachnoiditis can result in leg pain, sensory c...
Article
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (adults and children)
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in adults and older children (i.e. not neonates), also known as global hypoxic-ischaemic injury, is seen in many settings and often has devastating neurological sequelae.
For a discussion of neonatal hypoxia, refer to neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.
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Article
Papilloedema
Papilloedema refers to swelling of the optic disc related to increased intracranial pressure.
Terminology
Although papilloedema literally means swelling of the optic disc (nerve head/papilla), it is distinguished in common ophthalmological parlance from optic disc oedema 8-10. Papilloedema ref...
Article
Encephalomalacia
Encephalomalacia is frequently used by radiologists to describe any area of cerebral parenchymal loss with or without surrounding gliosis.
Terminology
Encephalomalacia is an old term coined by pathologists to describe the macroscopic appearance of the brain following a variety of insults (e.g...
Article
Arachnoid cyst
Arachnoid cysts are relatively common benign and asymptomatic lesions occurring in association with the central nervous system, both within the intracranial compartment (most common) as well as within the spinal canal. They are usually located within the subarachnoid space and contain CSF.
On ...
Article
Subdural haemorrhage
Subdural haemorrhage/haematoma (SDH) is a collection of blood accumulating in the subdural space. Subdural haemorrhage can happen in any age group, is mainly due to head trauma and CT scans are usually sufficient to make the diagnosis. Prognosis varies widely depending on the size and chronicity...
Article
Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space in infancy
Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in infancy (BESS or BESSI) also known as benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) is, as per the name, a benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces in infants. It usually involves the frontal lobe subarachnoid spaces, and it is characterised clinically...
Article
Migraine
Migraines are a common primary headache disorder and can present variably. Typically they consist of debilitating headaches, accompanied by an aura in one-third of patients.
Epidemiology
Migraine is a very common condition, with a 1-year prevalence of 12% 8. It is most prevalent in early-middl...
Article
Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastomas are the most common intraocular neoplasm found in childhood and with modern treatment modalities, are, in most cases, curable.
On imaging, they are generally characterised by a heterogeneous retinal mass with calcifications, necrotic components and increased vascularisation on D...
Article
Suspected physical abuse (head injury)
Suspected physical abuse, also known as non-accidental injury (NAI), can result in a range of head injuries.
Pathology
Infants have a relatively large head size as compared to their body mass, weak neck muscles, large subarachnoid space, relatively flat skull base and pliable, thin skull. The ...
Article
Borden classification of dural arteriovenous fistulas
The Borden classification of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) groups these lesions into three types based upon the site of venous drainage and the presence or absence of cortical venous drainage. It was first proposed in 1995 1. At the time of writing (July 2016), it is probably less popular ...
Article
Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumours of childhood, most often presenting as midline masses in the roof of the 4th ventricle (at the superior medullary velum) with associated mass-effect and hydrocephalus. Treatment typically consists of surgical resection, radiation thera...
Article
Neoplastic intracranial aneurysm
Neoplastic intracranial or cerebral aneurysms, also known as oncotic aneurysms, are a rare type of intracranial aneurysm attributed to metastatic tumour emboli.
Epidemiology
The entity is rare, with fewer than 100 cases being reported in the English literature at the time of a 2015 systematic ...
Article
Calcified cerebral embolus
Calcified cerebral embolus is an uncommon and often overlooked cause of embolic ischaemic stroke.
Epidemiology
Although emboli are a common cause of ischaemic stroke, calcified cerebral emboli are considered rare. With only a paucity of literature regarding calcified cerebral emboli (only 48 ...
Article
Spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumour
Spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs) are rare. Most cases are secondary to metastatic spread through the subarachnoid space from a primary intracranial tumour although rare cases of primary spinal PNETs have been reported.
This article specifically relates to spinal PNETs. For a dis...
Article
Intradural extramedullary metastases
Intradural extramedullary metastases are rare and account for approximately 5% of spinal metastases.
Please review leptomeningeal metastases (brain) for a general discussion focused on the brain's subarachnoid space involvement.
Epidemiology
The age at presentation depends on tumour type. Met...
Article
Intradural spinal mass lesions (an approach)
Intradural spinal mass lesions are relatively uncommon, compared to intracranial or extradural masses, and can be challenging to diagnose. Additionally, the need for a pre-operative/non-operative diagnosis is in many ways greater as biopsy of lesions within the cord has the potential of devastat...
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