Search results for “also”
21 results found
Article
AO Spine classification of subaxial injuries
The AO Spine classification of subaxial injuries aims to simplify and universalise the classification of subaxial cervical spine fractures and improve interobserver and intraobserver reliability.
Usage
Although its existence is widely known among the relevant subspecialty groups, its day-to-da...
Article
AO Spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries
The AO Spine classification of thoracolumbar injuries is a commonly used thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification system 1,2.
The current AO Spine system (2013) supercedes the more complex and less reproducible AO Magerl classification 3. Unlike the other widely used system, the thoracolumb...
Article
Three column concept of spinal fractures
The three-column concept of thoracolumbar spinal fractures (of Denis) forms the basis of a number of widely used thoracolumbar spinal fracture classification systems.
Usage
While the three-column concept was initially developed for classification of thoracolumbar spinal fractures, it can also ...
Article
Intervertebral disc disease nomenclature
Intervertebral disc disease nomenclature has changed over the years, and a familiarity with current definitions is essential if clear communication is to be achieved via radiology reports or referrals, especially as lumbar disc disease is a common problem and a source of a great deal of imaging....
Article
Scheuermann disease
Scheuermann disease, also known as juvenile kyphosis, juvenile discogenic disease 11, or vertebral epiphysitis, is a common condition which results in kyphosis of the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine. The diagnosis is usually made on plain radiograph.
Epidemiology
occurs in ~5% (range 0.4-8%) o...
Article
Cervical degenerative spondylosis (grading)
Cervical degenerative disease is extremely common. Cervical spondylosis can be graded using a very old but reliable classification devised by Jonas Kellgren et al 1,2. It is based on findings on a lateral cervical spine radiograph although it can also be applied to MRI evaluation of spine.
The ...
Article
Thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS)
The thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS), also sometimes known as the thoracolumbar injury severity score (TISS), was developed by the Spine Trauma Group in 2005 to overcome some of the perceived difficulties regarding the use of other thoracolumbar spinal fracture clas...
Article
WHO classification of CNS tumors
The WHO classification of CNS tumors is the most widely accepted system for classifying CNS tumors, now into its 5th edition, traditionally published in a blue cover (thus "blue book").
Although traditionally based on histological characteristics of the tumors, since the 2016 revised 4th editio...
Article
Lumbar foraminal stenosis
Lumbar foraminal stenosis or lumbar neuroforaminal stenosis is described as narrowing of the neural exit foramina. The patency of the neural exit foramina is assessed as part of the routine evaluation of lumbar MRI studies to determine what impact, if any, the surrounding structures have on the ...
Article
Lumbar nerve root anomaly classification
There are a number of systems for lumbar nerve root anomaly classification with the Neidre and MacNab classification the most commonly cited; other systems include the Postacchini classification, and the Kadish and Simmons classification 2.
Classification
Neidre and MacNab classification modif...
Article
AO Spine classification systems
The AO Spine classification systems is a group of imaging morphology-based classification system, combined with clinical factors for injury of spinal trauma. It is designed to be a simple and reproducible method of describing injury patterns 1-3.
AO Spine has published four injury classificatio...
Article
AO Spine classification of sacral injuries
The AO Spine classification of sacral injuries aims to simplify and universalise the process of classifying sacral injuries and improve interobserver and intraobserver reliability.
The AO Spine sacral classification is broken into three subsections that follow a hierarchical structure similar t...
Article
Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures
The Anderson and Montesano classification is a widely used system for describing occipital condyle fractures. It divides injuries into three types based on morphology and mechanism of injury 1-5.
Classification
type I: impacted type occipital condyle fracture
morphology: comminution of the co...
Article
Modified Memphis criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury
The modified Memphis criteria are a set of screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) in trauma. The presence of one or more of these criteria makes necessary a complementary CTA or DSA study to exclude a BCVI.
The screening protocol criteria for BCVI are:
base of skull fractur...
Article
AO Spine classification of upper cervical injuries
The AO Spine classification of upper cervical injuries is a concise and comprehensive system for categorizing the spectrum of traumatic bony and ligamentous injuries involving the occipital condyles, atlas (C1), or axis (C2).
Usage
The AO Spine upper cervical classification system is relativel...
Article
Odontoid fracture
Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2.
Pathology
The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5.
Classification
There are two...
Article
Classification of spinal meningeal cysts
Spinal meningeal cysts can be classified according to a system published by Nabor et al. 2:
type I: extradural meningeal cyst without neural tissue
type Ia: extradural spinal arachnoid cyst
type Ib: sacral meningocele
type II: extradural meningeal cyst containing neural tissue, e.g. Tarlov c...
Article
Spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS)
The spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) helps to assess tumor related instability of the vertebral column. It has been shown to be useful in guiding the mobilization or operative management of patients with neoplastic spinal disease.
Studies have reported good inter-observer agreement am...
Article
Bladder impairment following spinal cord injury
A commonly used classification scheme used by urologists and rehabilitation specialists, described by Wein, classifies bladder impairment following spinal cord injury according to the level of injury:
suprasacral (infrapontine) bladder - upper motor neuron lesion, releasing the sacral micturiti...
Article
Lumbar spinal stenosis (grading)
Lumbar spinal stenosis grading refers to systems for classifying the severity of lumbar spinal canal stenosis, especially the central zone, around the cauda equina nerve roots.
Overview
There are multiple systems for grading lumbar spinal stenosis in the central zone. The simplest classificati...
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