Search results for “also”
191 results found
Article
All-trans-retinoic acid syndrome
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) syndrome, is the more common cause of differentiation syndrome 8. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells respond to therapeutic levels of this normal plasma derivative of vitamin A by maturating into normal granulocytes which can cause capillary leakage and organ...
Article
Twin anemia polycythemia sequence
Twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS) is considered a variant of the twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) occurring in monochorionic twin pregnancies.
Epidemiology
TAPS may occur spontaneously in up to 5% of monochorionic twins and may also develop after incomplete laser treatment in tw...
Article
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), also known as Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome or Strübing-Marchiafava anemia, is an acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder whereby some of the red blood cells produced are defective and are susceptible to premature destruction by the immune system, lead...
Article
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD) (also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola) is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the Ebola filovirus. Ebola is an extremely virulent virus with a case fatality rate of ~70% 1.
Epidemiology
First recognized in 1967 after polio vaccine laboratory w...
Article
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is ubiquitous throughout the skeleton, primarily composed of hematopoietic cells and fat cells between bony trabeculae and fibrous retinacula. It performs numerous physiological functions and dynamically changes during normal aging and in response to stressors and pathology. Although...
Article
Primary myelofibrosis
Primary myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow is replaced with collagenous connective tissue resulting in progressive fibrosis. It is characterized by:
extramedullary hematopoiesis
progressive splenomegaly
anemia
variable change in the number of granulocytes...
Article
PET-CT indications
PET-CT is a combination of cross-sectional anatomic information provided by CT and the metabolic information provided by positron emission tomography (PET).
PET is most commonly performed with 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Fluorine-18 (F-18) is an unstable radioisotope and has a half-...
Article
Splenic cyst
Splenic epithelial cysts, also known as splenic epidermoid cysts or primary splenic cysts, are unilocular fluid lesions with thin and smooth walls and no enhancement. They represent ~20% of cysts found in the spleen and are usually an innocuous incidental imaging finding.
Note that most (~80%) ...
Article
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune multisystemic inflammatory disease that affects many organs but predominantly attacks the synovial tissues and joints.
Epidemiology
The overall prevalence is 0.5-1% and the disease is 2-3 times more common in women 1.
Onset is generally in adu...
Article
Hemochromatosis (CNS manifestations)
Central nervous system manifestations of hemochromatosis are uncommon and can occur in either primary or secondary hemochromatosis.
For a general discussion, and for links to other system specific manifestations, please refer to the article on hemochromatosis.
Epidemiology
Studies reporting p...
Article
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system (also known as the lymphoid system or systema lymphoideum in Terminologia Anatomica) is the collective term given to the lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues in the body 1,4.
Terminology
Occasionally the lymphatic system is considered with the reticuloendothelial system ...
Article
Autoimmune encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis, also known as autoimmune limbic encephalitis, is an antibody-mediated brain inflammatory process, typically involving the limbic system, although any part of the brain, and central nervous system more broadly, can be involved.
Autoimmune encephalitis can be divided broa...
Article
Pyrexia of unknown origin
A pyrexia of unknown origin, commonly shortened to PUO, and also known as a fever of unknown origin (FUO), was originally defined in 1961 as the condition in which the core body temperature is >38.3oC for a period of three weeks or more, with no diagnosis reached after one week of inpatient inve...
Article
Infectious mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis (also known as glandular fever) is the term for infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The infection classically occurs in teenagers and young adults, hence its popular name kissing disease. It is usually a clinical diagnosis, with confirmation by serum testing, but ma...
Article
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, also known as angiocentric lymphoma or angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion, is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Pathology
There is a recognized association with antecedent infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (...
Article
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma or Hodgkin disease (HD) is a type of lymphoma and accounts for ~1% of all cancers. Hodgkin disease spreads contiguously and predictably along lymphatic pathways and is curable in ~90% of cases, depending on its stage and subtype.
Epidemiology
There is a bimodal distribution in...
Article
Splenunculus
Splenunculi, also known as supernumerary spleens, accessory spleens, or splenules, are small nodules of spleen that are separate from the rest of the organ.
Epidemiology
They are common, seen in up to 16% of CTs of the abdomen and up to 30% of autopsies 2.
Pathology
Accessory spleens are c...
Article
Light chain amyloidosis
Amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis or immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a systemic amyloidosis and a plasma cell proliferative disorder characterized by deposition of misfolded monoclonal kappa or lambda light chains produced by clonal plasma cells 1-6.
Epidemiology
Amyloid light cha...
Article
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells and manifests in a wide...
Article
Leukemia
Leukemia is a hematological neoplasm characterized by the overproduction of immature (blasts) or abnormally differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system in the bone marrow that often, but not always, extends into the peripheral blood.
This article aims to provide an overview of leukemia as...
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