334 results found
Article
CT transcatheter aortic valve implantation planning (protocol)
The transcatheter aortic valve implantation or TAVI planning CT protocol is used to plan for transcatheter aortic valve implantation. CT allows for the assessment of the aortic root and valve annulus in order to select an appropriate valve size and location specific to the patient. An aortic ang...
Article
Phospholipase A2 associated neurodegeneration
Phospholipase A2 associated-neurodegeneration (PLAN) is an autosomal recessive form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA).
Clinical presentation
PLA2G6-associated diseases have variable syndromes:
classic infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD)
atypical neuroaxonal dystroph...
Article
Arthrocentesis
Arthrocentesis or joint aspiration is an interventional procedure done for the collection of synovial fluid.
History
The existence of liquid inside joints was first mentioned in the Corpus Hippocraticum, later in the 16th century, Paracelsus coined the name “synovia” for synovial fluid.
Indic...
Article
CT hip (protocol)
The CT hip protocol serves as an examination for the evaluation of the hip joint. It is often performed as a non-contrast study. However, it can be combined with a CT arthrogram for the evaluation of chondral and/or labral tears or a femoral neck version scan.
Note: This article aims to frame a...
Article
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are focal dilatations of the abdominal aorta measuring 50% greater than the proximal normal segment or >3 cm in maximum diameter.
They can be confined to the abdominal aorta or continue from the thoracic aorta as part of a thoraco-abdominal aneurysm (TAAA).
The...
Article
Conventional radiation therapy
Conventional (2D) radiation therapy refers to the old techniques of radiation therapy where treatments would be planned by defining a limited number of beams with the boundaries delineated on orthogonal x-rays of the patient. It has been largely replaced by other highly conformal external beam r...
Article
Shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty
Shoulder resurfacing arthroplasty is a form of partial shoulder joint replacement for the management of pathologies concerning the humeral head.
History and etymology
The first shoulder arthroplasty was performed by Péan in 1893. The current 3rd generation arthroplasties were introduced by Nee...
Article
Quadratus femoris injection (technique)
Quadratus femoris injections under image guidance ensure precise delivery of an injectate into the quadratus femoris muscle and ensure the sciatic nerve is avoided during the procedure. CT and ultrasound can be used, with ultrasound becoming more challenging in those with larger body habitus.
...
Article
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcomas are malignant bone-forming tumors. They are the second most common primary bone tumor after multiple myeloma, accounting for ~20% of all primary bone tumors. In children, they are considered the most common primary bone tumor 12. They can be classified into primary and secondary fo...
Article
Transcatheter mitral valve intervention
Transcatheter mitral valve interventions (TMVI) or percutaneous mitral valve interventions are less-invasive, highly technical procedures available for the management of selected patients with mitral valve regurgitation and include several transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) and transcathet...
Article
3D printing
3D printing, a term often used synonymously with additive manufacturing, is a process of creating objects from three-dimensional digital information. In most cases, 3D printing is, in fact, additive manufacturing, a process in which objects are built by adding material layer by layer. This proce...
Article
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation or replacement (TAVI/TAVR) is a technique to replace the aortic valve through a transvascular or transapical approach. Compared to traditional open aortic valve replacement with sternotomy and a heart-lung bypass machine, the TAVI technique is less invasiv...
Article
Supraclavicular brachial plexus block (ultrasound)
A supraclavicular brachial plexus block is indicated for establishing sensory and motor blockade of the upper extremity, including the humerus, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand.
Indications
necessity to provide analgesia of the upper extremity for:
abscess incision and drainage
elbow dislocat...
Article
Shoulder hemiarthroplasty
Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a form of partial shoulder joint replacement for the management of pathologies concerning the proximal humerus.
History and etymology
The first shoulder arthroplasty was constructed by Péan in 1893. The 3rd generation arthroplasties have been introduced by Neer in ...
Article
Acetabular dysplasia
Acetabular dysplasia is referred to as a shallow acetabulum, not being able to provide sufficient coverage for the femoral head and thus leading to instability of the hip joint.
Terminology
Acetabular dysplasia is a form of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often referred to in the adol...
Article
Fetal MRI
Fetal MRI allows for detailed imaging of the developing fetus in utero. Fast sequences are required due to fetal movement 1. Fetal MRI is most commonly utilized when ultrasound findings are equivocal. Fetal anatomy can be evaluated in detail including the brain, upper aerodigestive tract, thorax...
Article
Subtalar joint injection (technique)
Subtalar joint injections are most often performed for osteoarthritis with injection into the posterior subtalar joint. Ultrasound, fluoroscopy and CT guidance can be used.
Indications
osteoarthritis
diagnostic
Contraindications
Absolute
anaphylaxis to contrast/injectates
active local/sy...
Article
Lumbar interlaminar epidural injection
Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections are one of some possible spinal epidural injections. For an alternative approach for the same region, please refer to the article on lumbar transforaminal epidural injections.
Indications
Typically, epidural injections are performed in patients with rad...
Article
Osteoarthritis of the shoulder
Osteoarthritis of the shoulder or glenohumeral osteoarthritis is referred to as progressive damage of the glenohumeral cartilage associated with bony erosions pain and a loss in function of the glenohumeral joint.
Epidemiology
The glenohumeral joint is one of the less common joints affected by...
Article
Symphyseal cleft injection
Symphyseal cleft injections (symphysography) are performed as both diagnostic and therapeutic measures for patients with (suspected) osteitis pubis, usually under CT or fluoroscopy.
Indications
suspected or confirmed osteitis pubis
Contraindications
factors to be considered as per any muscu...
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