898 results found
Article
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune multisystemic inflammatory disease that affects many organs but predominantly attacks the synovial tissues and joints.
Epidemiology
The overall prevalence is 0.5-1% and the disease is 2-3 times more common in women 1.
Onset is generally in adu...
Question
Question 3021
Which of the following is NOT a cause of diffuse bone marrow hypercellularity?
Question
Question 3020
Which of the following would be in keeping with a “myeloma defining” focal lesion on WB-MRI?
Article
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, also known as Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by 1:
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
bone marrow hypoplasia (cyclic neutropenia)
Epidemiology
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rar...
Article
Mediastinal lymph node enlargement
Mediastinal lymph node enlargement can occur from a wide range of pathologies and can be isolated or associated with lung pathology. Historically, a size cut-off of 10 mm short-axis diameter was used.
Terminology
The term mediastinal lymphadenopathy implies lymph node disease and is not synon...
Article
T-prolymphocytic leukemia
T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and unusual hematological malignancy.
Terminology
In the WHO classification, this is referred to as T-prolymphocytic leukemia rather than T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.
Epidemiology
It represents around 2% of all mature lymphocytic leukaemias in a...
Article
Lederer-Brill disease
Lederer-Brill disease is a transient autoimmune hemolytic anemia with very variable clinical features 1.
Epidemiology
Lederer-Brill disease is slightly more prevalent in females 1.
Clinical presentation
It usually occurs in children with a recent history of infection. Symptoms and signs incl...
Case
Acute subdural hematoma with myelofibrosis
Published
01 Jun 2017
95% complete
CT
Article
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy that originated in the Mediterranean region. The genetic defect causes a reduction in the rate of globin chain synthesis which causes the formation of abnormal hemoglobin molecules. The resultant microcytic anemia is the characteristic prese...
Article
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a very rare genetic multi-system disorder primarily characterized by intellectual disability, broad and often angulated thumbs and halluces, and distinctive facial features.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is 1 in 100,000-125,000 live births 5.
Clinical...
Article
Hereditary spherocytosis
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) (also known as Minkowski-Chauffard disease 1) is a group of hemolytic anemias due to a genetic abnormality of the erythrocyte cell membrane resulting in spherocytes. The clinical spectrum is broad, from a subclinical state to severe transfusion-dependant anemia.
Ep...
Article
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), previously known as hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), is a condition arising from occlusion of hepatic venules.
Clinical presentation
right upper quadrant pain
painful hepatomegaly
ascites
abnormal liver function tests
Pathology
Toxic injury to l...
Article
Normal gastrointestinal tract imaging examples
This article lists examples of normal imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and surrounding structures, divided by modality.
Plain radiograph
abdominal film
example 1
example 2: erect and supine
example 3: pediatric
example 4: pediatric
example 5: young adult male
Barium studies
barium ...
Article
Splenic metastases
Splenic metastases are relatively rare on imaging and are more commonly encountered at autopsy. Typically they are part of a widespread metastatic disease.
Epidemiology
The rate of splenic metastases varies between 1-10% of autopsy studies, depending on whether microscopic or macroscopic metas...
Article
Hemoglobinopathies
A hemoglobinopathy is a genetic disorder which alters the structure of hemoglobin 1. The result is reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood to the tissues, and other sequelae.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation varies, is related to hypoxia, and characteristically includes the fo...
Article
Splenic abscess
Splenic abscesses, like abscesses elsewhere, are localized collections of necrotic inflammatory tissue caused by bacteria, parasites or fungi. They uncommonly affect the spleen due to its efficient reticuloendothelial system phagocytic activity and, consequently, are more likely seen in immunosu...
Article
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is ubiquitous throughout the skeleton, primarily composed of hematopoietic cells and fat cells between bony trabeculae and fibrous retinacula. It performs numerous physiological functions and dynamically changes during normal aging and in response to stressors and pathology. Although...
Article
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a paradoxical thrombotic state resulting from an immune response to heparin, although the condition can rarely occur without heparin exposure.
Terminology
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are unrelated conditions.
Epi...
Case
Splenomegaly
Published
28 Oct 2017
50% complete
X-ray
Article
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis refers to zoonoses caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. There are three main forms of leishmaniasis:
visceral (also known as kala-azar or dum-dum fever)
cutaneous
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Epidemiology
Leishmaniasis is a truly global disease with a higher burden in t...
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