1,192 results
Article
Rectus sheath hematoma
Rectus sheath hematomas, as the term implies, occur when a hematoma forms in the rectus abdominis muscle/rectus sheath. It is most common in its lower segment and is generally self-limiting.
Epidemiology
Rectus sheath hematomas are more common in women with a 3:1 F:M ratio.
Clinical presentat...
Article
Proptosis
Proptosis (rare plural: proptoses) refers to forward protrusion of the globe with respect to the orbit. Proptosis can be relative (to the contralateral eye), comparative (to a prior measurement of the same eye), or absolute (based on normal population reference values).
Terminology
Exophthalmo...
Article
Pediatric chest (lateral view)
The pediatric lateral chest view may be performed as an adjunct to a frontal chest radiograph in cases where there is diagnostic uncertainty.
Indications
The lateral chest view examines the lungs, bony thoracic cavity, mediastinum, and great vessels. Lateral radiographs can be particularly use...
Article
MRI reporting guidelines for cervical cancer
MRI reporting guidelines for cervical cancer help maintain uniformity of reports and assessment of important imaging staging criteria.
Tumor size
The tumor should be measured in three orthogonal planes. Tumors with a maximum diameter >4 cm are usually not amenable to primary radical surgery.
...
Article
MR defecating proctography
MR defecating proctography is a dynamic study for evaluation of the pelvic floor and pelvic organ prolapse.
Phases
There are four phases of evaluation:
rest
squeeze
strain (Valsalva)
defecation/evacuation
Method of evaluation
Many variations in the techniques described below exist.
Pati...
Article
Long head of biceps brachii tendon sheath injection (technique)
Long head of biceps brachii (LHB) tendon sheath injections under ultrasound guidance ensure accurate delivery of injectate, which is important as these injections are often performed for diagnostic purposes.
Indications
pain
diagnostic injection
alternative access to the glenohumeral join...
Article
Bowing fracture
Bowing fractures are incomplete fractures of tubular long bones in pediatric patients (especially the radius and ulna) that often require no intervention and heal with remodeling.
Epidemiology
Bowing fractures are almost exclusively found in children. However, there have been several case repo...
Article
Asherman syndrome
Asherman syndrome, also known as uterine synechiae, is a condition characterized by the formation of intrauterine adhesions, which are usually sequela from injury to the endometrium and is often associated with infertility.
Epidemiology
There is a tendency for the condition to develop soon aft...
Article
T2 weighted image
T2 weighted image (T2WI) is one of the basic pulse sequences on MRI. The sequence weighting highlights differences on the T2 relaxation time of tissues.
Summary
repetition time (TR): long
echo time (TE): long
flip angle: less important than with T1 weighting
fat: intermediate-bright
fluid:...
Article
Levene index
The Levene index or ventricular index is a marker of ventricular size in infants. It is defined as the distance between the falx and the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle in the coronal plane 1.
Usage
The Levene index is a marker of ventricular volume and thus can be...
Article
Rectal cancer protocol (MRI)
MRI protocol for rectal cancer is a group of MRI sequences put together for imaging staging of primary tumors of the rectum and assessment of response following neoadjuvant therapy. Modified versions of the protocol may also be used for the assessment of local recurrence.
Note: This article is ...
Article
Right atrial enlargement
Right atrial (RA) enlargement is less common, and harder to delineate on chest radiograph, than left atrial (LA) enlargement.
Pathology
Etiology
Enlargement of the right atrium (RA) can result from a number of conditions, including:
raised right ventricular pressures
pulmonary arterial hype...
Article
General topography of the abdomen
To facilitate clinical description, the general topography of the abdomen is divided into four quadrants or nine regions by lines on the surface of the anterior abdominal wall. The four quadrants are created by vertical and horizontal lines passing through the umbilicus, whereas the nine regions...
Article
Retroaortic anomalous coronary sign (echocardiography)
The retroaortic anomalous coronary (RAC) sign describes the sonographic appearance of an anomalous left coronary artery traveling posteriorly to the aortic root. It is most commonly observed with anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery from the right sinus of Valsalva, but is also describ...
Article
Orthopantomography
The orthopantomogram (also known as an orthopantomograph, pantomogram, OPG or OPT) is a panoramic single image radiograph of the mandible, maxilla and teeth. It is often encountered in dental practice and occasionally in the emergency department; providing a convenient, inexpensive and rapid way...
Article
Patellofemoral arthroplasty
Patellofemoral arthroplasties (PFA) are orthopedic procedures where the patella and femoral trochlear articular surface are replaced by prostheses 1. This differs from unicompartmental knee arthroplasties, which replace the medial or lateral articular surface of the knee 1. Globally, PFAs make u...
Article
Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center score
The Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC) score is a classification system for grading acute traumatic spinal cord injury based on the axial extent of intramedullary signal abnormality on T2 weighted MRI.
Classification
The BASIC score is an ordinal scale that is graded 0 to 4 1:
BASIC 0 (no...
Article
Cardiac MRI (an approach)
A cardiac MRI can be a more or less frequent examination faced in daily practice also depending on the institution. In general radiological practices and institutions other than cardiac imaging centers, cardiac MRI examinations are not necessarily gladly enlisted into the appointment schedule pa...
Article
Complex meniscal tear
Complex meniscal tears extend in more than one plane, and can in turn create separate flaps of meniscus.
Radiographic features
MRI knee
The mensical tear usually includes a combination of radial, horizontal, and longitudinal components (any two or all three). Often the meniscus substance app...
Article
Gluteus minimus/medius calcific tendinopathy barbotage (technique)
Gluteus minimus/medius calcific tendinopathy barbotage is a procedure performed under ultrasound guidance with the aim of reducing the bulk of tendon calcification, in a similar fashion to that performed for rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy.
Indications
gluteus minimus/medius tendon calcifi...
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