Search results for “subarachnoid hemorrhages”
461 results
Article
Spinal arteriovenous malformations
Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterized by arteriovenous shunting with a true nidus. They represent ~25% of spinal vascular malformations.
Epidemiology
Different types of spinal AVM have different ages of presentation, but overall 80% present between the age of 20 and 60 y...
Article
Cerebral hemorrhagic contusion
Cerebral hemorrhagic contusions are a type of intracerebral hemorrhage, also sometimes considered a "brain bruise", and are common in the setting of significant head injury. They are usually seen on CT as hyperattenuating foci in the frontal lobes adjacent to the floor of the anterior cranial fo...
Article
Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage
Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage is a subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage defined by their location in the peripheral cerebral hemispheres. Compared to deep intracerebral hemorrhages (involving the deep grey nuclei or brainstem), lobar hemorrhages are less likely to be related to hypertension and ...
Article
Spinal astrocytoma
Spinal astrocytomas are the second most common spinal cord tumor, representing 40% of intramedullary tumors 3. They account for 60% of pediatric intramedullary tumors, making them the most common spinal cord tumor in children 6.
This article specifically relates to spinal astrocytomas. For a di...
Article
Intracranial hemorrhage (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Intracranial hemorrhage refers to bleeding within the intracranial cavity and is, therefore, a catch-all term which includes parenchymal (intra-axial) hemorrhage and the various types of extra-axial hemorrhage including, su...
Article
Fabry disease (neurological manifestations)
Fabry disease, also known as Anderson-Fabry disease, is a multisystem X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, with frequent neurological manifestations. These are either due to direct involvement of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system and/or the autonomic nervous system. This ...
Article
RANZCR key conditions assessment
The RANZCR key conditions assessment is an assessment mandated by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) for first year radiology trainees prior to starting after-hours work and on-call duties.
The assessment is conducted locally by the training site, where clinic...
Article
Stroke
A stroke is a clinical diagnosis that refers to a sudden onset focal neurological deficit of presumed vascular origin.
Stroke is generally divided into two broad categories 1,2:
ischemic stroke (87%)
hemorrhagic stroke (13%)
Terminology
The term "stroke" is ambiguous and care must be taken ...
Article
Carotid cave
The carotid cave is a potential dural space formed by the redundant distal dural ring on the medial aspect of the clinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). It has been reported to be present in ~80% of cadaveric specimens 3.
Gross anatomy
The clinoid segment of the ICA is bounded b...
Article
COL4A1-related disorders
COL4A1-related disorders are a group of autosomal dominant disorders caused by a mutation in the COL4A1 gene.
Epidemiology
The exact prevalence is unknown, but the group of disorders is considered to be under-recognized, especially asymptomatic variants 1.
Clinical presentation
The clinical ...
Article
Diffuse axonal injury
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), also known as traumatic axonal injury (TAI), is a severe form of traumatic brain injury due to shearing forces. It is a potentially difficult diagnosis to make on imaging alone, especially on CT as the finding can be subtle, but it has the potential to result in seve...
Article
Intracranial arteries
Intracranial arteries have a unique structure when compared to extracranial vessels of similar size: see general histology of blood vessels entry.
Proximal larger arteries
The proximal arteries, arising from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries have differing distribution of elastic fib...
Article
NeuroImaging Radiological Interpretation System (NIRIS) for acute traumatic brain injury
The NeuroImaging Radiological Interpretation System (NIRIS) is a scheme for structured contextual reporting of CT head examinations of suspected head injuries.
The NIRIS was proposed 1 in 2018 by a multi-institute group of neuroradiologists based at Stanford University. Its unique objective is ...
Article
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, also known as naegleriasis, is a rare and usually fatal acute CNS infection caused by the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri.
This is a distinct clinical syndrome to granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, which is a subacute-chronic illness in immunocompromis...
Article
COL4A1 brain small-vessel disease
COL4A1 brain small-vessel disease is an autosomal dominant monogenic COL4A1-related disorder that primarily causes cerebral small vessel disease.
Epidemiology
The exact prevalence is unknown, but the condition is likely under-diagnosed.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation is vari...
Article
Contrast-induced neurotoxicity
Contrast-induced neurotoxicity, also known as iodinated contrast-induced encephalopathy, is a rare complication of iodinated intravascular contrast resulting in a usually temporary neurological deficit. CT imaging findings can be dramatic, demonstrating contrast staining and edema, but spontaneo...
Article
Subarachnoid FLAIR hyperintensity
There are a wide range of causes for subarachnoid FLAIR hyperintensity, both pathological and artifactual.
Differential diagnosis
Pathological causes
subarachnoid hemorrhage
meningitis
leptomeningeal carcinomatosis
FLAIR vascular hyperintensities in acute stroke 1,4,8
moyamoya disease
m...
Article
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), also sometimes referred to as "adult polycystic kidney disease", is an inherited form of adult cystic renal disease.
Epidemiology
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is one of the most common serious hereditary diseases, found in ...
Article
Vitreous hemorrhage
Vitreous hemorrhage refers to bleeding into the vitreous humor.
Epidemiology
Vitreous hemorrhage has an incidence of approximately 7 in 100,000 1,2.
Clinical presentation
The most common clinical presentation is with sudden, painless visual loss to varying degrees of severity 2. Associated...
Article
Apoplexy
Apoplexy is a term that has been part of medical terminology since antiquity and now means a sudden and catastrophic clinical presentation restricted to a few intracranial events, namely pituitary apoplexy and the far less common pineal apoplexy. Importantly, it remains a term that denotes a cli...
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