1,719 results
Article
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland (a.k.a. hypophysis cerebri), together with its connections to the hypothalamus, acts as the main endocrine interface between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.
Gross anatomy
The pituitary gland sits atop the base of the skull in a concavity within the sph...
Article
Dentigerous cyst
Dentigerous cysts, also called follicular cysts, are slow-growing benign and non-inflammatory odontogenic cysts that are thought to be developmental in origin.
On imaging, they usually present as a well-defined and unilocular radiolucency surrounding the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth ...
Article
Inferior nasal concha
The inferior nasal conchae or turbinates are one of the pairs of conchae in the nose.
Gross anatomy
It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. The inferior nasal conchae are considered a pair of ...
Article
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis represents the end result of a continuous, prolonged, inflammatory, and fibrosing process that affects the pancreas. This results in irreversible morphologic changes and permanent endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Epidemiology
The most common cause of chronic ...
Article
Intramedullary osteosclerosis
Intramedullary osteosclerosis is a sclerosing dysplasia associated with increased bone formation within the medullary cavity. It is a diagnosis of exclusion.
Epidemiology
There is a female predilection, with the condition usually discovered in adulthood. No hereditary risk has been demonstrat...
Article
Nerve to piriformis
Nerve to the piriformis muscle, also known as the piriformis nerve, arises from the S1 and S2 nerve roots of the sacral plexus. The nerve supplies the piriformis muscle.
Gross anatomy
Origin
The nerve to the piriformis muscle arises from the sacral plexus. The nerve branches from the posteri...
Article
Cerebral abscess
A cerebral abscess is a focal area of necrosis starting in an area of cerebritis surrounded by a membrane. It is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring prompt radiological identification and rapid treatment. Fortunately, MRI is usually able to convincingly make the diagnosis, disting...
Article
Phrenic nerve
The phrenic nerve is a mixed motor/sensory nerve that courses through the neck and thorax to innervate the diaphragm.
Gross anatomy
Origin
Arises from the ventral rami of the C3, C4 and C5 nerve roots, part of the cervical plexus.
Course
In the neck, the phrenic nerve lies on the anterior s...
Article
Cervicofacial actinomycosis
Cervicofacial actinomycosis is the most frequent manifestation of Actinomyces infection 1,2.
Epidemiology
Although the prevalence of cervicofacial actinomycosis cases varies with geographical regions, the disease has male gender predilection. Risk factors including poor oral hygiene, oral trau...
Article
Nasolacrimal drainage apparatus
The nasolacrimal (drainage) apparatus consists of:
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct
Gross anatomy
Tears produced by the lacrimal gland, accessory lacrimal glands of Krause, Wolfring and Zeis, and Meibomian glands track medially along the eyelid margins and collect at the l...
Article
Van Assche index
The Van Assche index is a semiquantitative scoring system originally developed in 2003 to assess the severity and disease response in perianal fistulizing Crohn disease. In 2017 substantial changes were proposed to the original system, resulting in the modified Van Assche index. Both systems rem...
Article
Pulmonary candidiasis
Pulmonary candidiasis is a form of pulmonary fungal infection and refers to an opportunistic infection of the lung with the fungus Candida albicans. This organism is part of the normal human microbial flora of the oral cavity. Most patients with pulmonary candidiasis tend to have widespread syst...
Article
Placental site trophoblastic tumor
Placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTT) are rare and one of the least common (~0.2% 7) forms of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Epidemiology
Placental site trophoblastic tumors typically occur in women of reproductive age with an average age of ~30 years. They may occur after a normal pr...
Article
Orbit
The orbits are two bony sockets at the front of the face that primarily house and protect the eyes and associated structures.
Terminology
Ocular or optic refers specifically to the globe (eyeball). Orbital refers to all the contents of the bony orbit, encompassing both the intra and extraocul...
Article
Innermost intercostal muscles
The innermost intercostal muscles are muscles of respiration. They are the deepest intercostal muscles located in the intercostal spaces, and contract along with the internal intercostal muscles to reduce the transverse dimension of the thoracic cavity during expiration.
Gross anatomy
The inne...
Article
Vertebral pneumatocyst
Vertebral pneumatocysts are gas-filled cavities within the spinal vertebrae. They are most common at cervical levels. In general, vertebral pneumatocysts are less common than intraosseous pneumatocysts in the pelvis, especially adjacent to the sacroiliac joint.
Pathogenesis
Although not comple...
Article
Lesser sac
The lesser sac or omental bursa is a potential peritoneal space within the abdomen, part of the peritoneal cavity.
Gross anatomy
The lesser sac may be conceptualized as the space posterior to the lesser omentum, between the posterior wall of the stomach and the surface of the peritoneum that ...
Article
Incisive canal
The maxillary incisive canal runs through the maxilla in the midline. It connects the inferior nasal cavity with the superior oral cavity, opening at the incisive foramen posterior to the central maxillary incisor teeth. It contains the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve.
Re...
Article
Epitympanum
The epitympanum, also known as the attic or epitympanic recess, is the most superior portion of the tympanic cavity. It is that portion of the tympanic cavity superior to the axial plane between the tip of the scutum and the tympanic segment of the facial nerve 1,3.
Posteriorly the epitympanum ...
Article
Trocar technique
The trocar technique is a common technique for surgical procedures and interventional placement of tubes and drainage where instruments, tubes or drains are advanced to the target location through a fixed cannula or hollow tube namely the trocar, which acts as a portal in the process.
History
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