345 results
Article
Focal sclerotic bony lesions (mnemonic)
A popular mnemonic to help remember causes of focal sclerotic bony lesions is:
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Mnemonic
H: healed non-ossifying fibroma (NOF)
O: osteoma
M: metastasis
E: Ewing sarcoma
L: lymphoma
I: infection or infarct
F: fibrous dysplasia
E: enchondroma
Article
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a rare benign mixed odontogenic lesion that usually arises in the maxilla and mandible. Once classified as a distinct entity, the lesion resembles an ameloblastic fibroma but contains hard odontoid tissue. It is now thought to represent part of the spectrum o...
Article
Lacrimal sac mass
Lacrimal sac masses are very uncommon and more commonly have a malignant (~80%) rather than benign (~20%) etiology.
Pathology
Etiology
inflammatory
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
sarcoidosis
orbital pseudotumor
IgG4-related disease
Sjogren syndrome
neoplastic
epithelial tumors
beni...
Article
Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma
Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymomas are very rare locally aggressive mesenchymal bone tumors composed of spindle cells seen in children and adolescents.
Terminology
The term 'fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma with low-grade malignancy' has been discouraged 1.
Epidemiology
Fibrocartilaginous mesen...
Article
Musculoskeletal curriculum
The musculoskeletal curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core of musculoskeletal knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments, but excluding the skeletal structures of the head.
Anat...
Article
Tracheal and endobronchial lesions
Primary tracheal and endobronchial lesions are generally rare and can be either malignant or benign. The majority of these lesions are malignant.
Pathology
Malignant
primary malignant endobronchial lesions
bronchogenic adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma: commonest malignant lesion in th...
Article
Proptosis
Proptosis (rare plural: proptoses) refers to forward protrusion of the globe with respect to the orbit. Proptosis can be relative (to the contralateral eye), comparative (to a prior measurement of the same eye), or absolute (based on normal population reference values).
Terminology
Exophthalmo...
Article
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendotheliomas, also known as epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendotheliomas, are locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing vascular neoplasms with histological similarities to myoid tumors and epithelioid sarcomas.
Epidemiology
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendotheliomas are...
Article
Soft tissue lesions with predominately low T1 and T2 signal (differential)
Soft tissue lesions with predominantly low T1 and T2 signal have a reasonably long differential, including:
Common
air/gas
densely calcified/ossified lesions
foreign body
gout
flow voids
arteriovenous fistula
aneurysm
postoperative changes
hematoma, chronic
plantar fibromatosis
teno...
Article
Predominantly solid ovarian neoplasms
Predominantly solid ovarian neoplasms account for a minority of ovarian neoplasms. They include a wide pathological spectrum:
epithelial tumors: ~28% of all solid ovarian tumors 1
Brenner tumor
germ cell tumors: ~22% 1
ovarian teratoma: noncystic type
ovarian dysgerminoma
sex cord / strom...
Article
Single pleural based mass (differential)
The differential for a single pleural mass is essentially the same as that for multiple pleural masses with the addition of a few entities.
tumors
pleural tumors
solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (pleural fibroma)
mesothelioma
localized mediastinal malignant mesothelioma
metastatic pl...
Article
Esophageal fibrovascular polyp
Esophageal fibrovascular polyps are benign intraluminal submucosal pedunculated tumors that can grow significantly and cause dysphagia. They usually occur in the upper third of the oesophagus, at the level of the upper esophageal sphincter.
Terminology
They were previously denominated esophag...
Article
Skull tumors
Skull tumors can be (as with tumors anywhere else) both primary and secondary, and benign or malignant.
Primary
Benign
osteoma
ossifying fibroma
osteoblastoma
hemangioma
giant cell tumor (GCT)
aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)
epidermoid and dermoid cysts
chondroma
Malignant
osteosarcoma
c...
Article
Mass-like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Mass-like or tumefactive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a morphological variant or phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
Epidemiology
Mass-like or tumefactive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is rare and accounts for less than 2% of cases 1-4.
Associations
Mass-like or tumefactive hyper...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (C)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter C and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Tumors of the chest wall
Tumors of the chest wall are varied, some of which are found most often in this region. They can be divided into benign and malignant tumors and into those which arise in the ribcage and those of soft tissue density.
Benign
Benign tumors include 1,3,4:
soft tissue
hemangioma: common
lymphan...
Article
Bone-forming tumors
Bone-forming tumors are a subset of bone tumors that are characterized by their propensity to form excess osteoid. They can be further subdivided into benign and malignant tumors.
Benign tumors
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
bone island
osteopoikilosis
osteoma
ossifying fibroma 1
Malignan...
Article
Sex cord / stromal testicular tumors
Sex cord / stromal testicular tumors are uncommon testicular neoplasms. Although ~90% of these tumors are benign, they cannot be differentiated from testicular malignancies on imaging, and are therefore usually discovered after orchiectomy.
Leydig cell tumor of the testis (most common, ~30% hor...
Article
Ovarian hyperthecosis
Ovarian hyperthecosis is a condition where there is a presence of luteinized thecal cells within a hyperplastic ovarian stroma.
Clinical presentation
Clinical manifestations include hyperandrogenism, obesity, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance. Virilization has been reported to be mo...
Article
Bone infarction
Bone infarction is a term used to refer to osteonecrosis within the metaphysis or diaphysis of a bone. Necrosis is a type of cell death due to irreversible cell injury, which can be recognized microscopically by alterations in the cytoplasm (becomes eosinophilic) and in the nucleus (swelling, py...
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