1,718 results
Article
Nasopharyngeal masses (mnemonic)
A mnemonic for causes of nasopharyngeal masses is:
SAIL
Mnemonic
S: squamous cell carcinoma
A: antrochoanal polyp (extending from sinonasal cavity)
I: inverted papilloma (extending from sinonasal cavity)
L: lymphoma
Article
Pediatric midface anomalies (classification)
This classification system based on the embryology and anatomy of the nasal cavity, nasofrontal region, and nasolacrimal apparatus as well as anomalies associated with craniofacial syndromes.2
Nasal cavity
choanal atresia and stenosis
pyriform aperture stenosis
Nasofrontal region
congenita...
Article
Rudimentary otocyst
Rudimentary otocyst, or otocyst deformity, is a type of congenital inner ear malformation characterized by a small otic capsule remnant not connected to the brainstem.
Clinical presentation
These ears show profound sensorineural hearing loss 1.
Pathology
Rudimentary otocyst represents an ano...
Article
Abdominal aorta
The abdominal aorta (plural: aortas or aortae 4) is the main blood vessel in the abdominal cavity that transmits oxygenated blood from the thoracic cavity to the organs within the abdomen and to the lower limbs.
Summary
origin: continuation of descending thoracic aorta at T12
course: descend...
Article
Fetal chylothorax
Fetal chylothorax is defined as the presence of lymphatic fluid within the pleural cavity of the fetus.
Pathology
Associations
pulmonary hypoplasia
hydrops fetalis
premature delivery
Radiographic features
Antenatal ultrasound
may show echogenic fluid in the pleural cavities
Treatment
S...
Article
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is a rare inherited disorder characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation in the skin, mucous membranes, and organs including the lungs, liver, and central nervous system.
Epidemiology
Worldwide prevalen...
Article
Arhinia
Arhinia refers to congenital failure of the external nose, nasal cavity, and olfactory apparatus to develop. It is an extremely rare condition that can be detected on prenatal ultrasound or MRI.
Epidemiology
Arhinia may occur in a syndromic setting (such as ethmocephaly), but it has been repor...
Article
Jejunum vs ileum
There are a few differences that can help differentiate jejunum and ileum 1-3:
location
jejunum: upper left part of the peritoneal cavity
ileum: lower right part of the peritoneal cavity
gross appearance
jejunum: greater caliber (<3 cm), thicker walls and more vascular
ileum: lesser calib...
Article
Maxillary sinus
The maxillary sinus (or antrum of Highmore) is a paired pyramid-shaped paranasal sinus within the maxillary bone which drains via the maxillary ostium into the infundibulum, then through hiatus semilunaris into the middle meatus. It is the largest of the paranasal sinuses.
Summary
location: pa...
Article
Right atrium
The right atrium (RA) (plural: atria) is one of the four chambers of the human heart, and is the first chamber to receive deoxygenated blood returning from the body, via the two venae cavae. It plays an important role in originating and regulating the conduction of the heart.
Gross anatomy
The...
Article
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum (aeroperitoneum is a rare synonym 12) describes gas within the peritoneal cavity, often due to critical illness. There are numerous causes and several mimics.
Pathology
The most common cause of pneumoperitoneum is the disruption of the wall of a hollow viscus. In children, the...
Article
Omental torsion
Omental torsion is defined as a twist of the omentum along its long axis with consequent impeding of its vascularity that may mimic acute abdomen 1.
Epidemiology
Omental torsion is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain that occurs in the third to fifth decade of life with slight male predominan...
Article
Denver shunt
A Denver shunt, or peritoneovenous shunt, is a device used to shunt ascites to the superior vena cava in patients with refractory ascites.
The proximal end is located in the peritoneal cavity and the distal end in the superior vena cava, with a subcutaneous course in the anterior chest wall. It...
Article
Canal wall up mastoidectomy
A canal wall up mastoidectomy is one of the types of mastoidectomies that can be performed. This involves exenteration of the mastoid air cells with preservation of the posterior wall of the external auditory canal, creating a mastoid bowl or cavity.
This procedure includes removal of Koerner...
Article
Intradecidual sac sign
Intradecidual sac sign (IDSS) is a useful feature in identifying an early intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) as early as 25 days of gestation1. The threshold level (earliest one can see the sign) is 24 days of gestation and the discriminatory level (one should always see the sac) is 47 days. As per th...
Article
Endometrial carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma is generally considered the most common gynecological malignancy. It frequently presents with vaginal bleeding. Both ultrasound and pelvic MRI are useful modalities for evaluation.
Epidemiology
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy, with peak i...
Article
Epignathus
Epignathus is a term given to a very rare form of teratoid tumor that arises from the oropharyngeal region.
Epidemiology
There may be a slight female predilection ref. The estimated incidence is ~ 1 in 35,000 to 200,000 births.
Clinical presentation
The tumor classically presents in utero or...
Article
Ectopia cordis
Ectopia cordis is an extremely rare congenital malformation where the heart is located partially or totally outside the thoracic cavity. The four main ectopic positions are:
adjacent to the thorax: ~60%
abdominal: 15-30%
thoracoabdominal: 7-18%
cervical: ~3%
Epidemiology
The incidence is ...
Article
Pneumoperitoneum (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Pneumoperitoneum describes gas within the peritoneal cavity and is often the harbinger of a critical illness, often perforation of a hollow viscus. Pneumoperitoneum is distinct from pneumoretroperitoneum (much rarer) and ma...
Article
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (upper respiratory tract manifestations)
The upper respiratory tract manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) are common and affect most patients.
For a general discussion of the condition, please refer to the main article on granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). For other organ-specific radiographic features, pleas...
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