Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
More than 200 results
Article
Crouzon syndrome
Crouzon syndrome, also known as craniofacial dysotosis, is rare disorder characterized by premature craniosynostoses.
Pathology
Features include:
abnormal calvarial shape: in severe case can give a "cloverleaf skull"
shallow orbits with exophthalmos
mid facial hypoplasia
bifid uvula
Gen...
Article
Little league shoulder
Little league shoulder is thought to occur due to overuse damage of the proximal humeral epiphysis/metaphysis, seen typically in young baseball players, especially pitchers.
Epidemiology
Although it is most commonly seen in baseball players particularly in pitchers, it also presents in adolesc...
Article
Rosai-Dorfman disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy or Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease, is a rare benign idiopathic proliferative disease that involves phagocytic histiocytes.
Epidemiology
The disease predominantly occurs in young adults with a mean age at pre...
Article
Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a group of cardiac diagnoses along a spectrum of severity due to the interruption of coronary blood flow to the myocardium, which in decreasing severity are:
ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
unstable an...
Article
Turcot syndrome
Turcot syndrome is a polyposis syndrome. It is characterized by multiple colonic polyps and an increased risk of colon cancer and primary brain cancers.
Epidemiology
Turcot syndrome is a rare disease. Patients typically present in the second decade 3.
Pathology
Turcot syndrome is characteriz...
Article
McKusick Kaufman syndrome
McKusick Kaufman syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive multiple malformation syndrome primarily characterized by
hydrometrocolpos - vaginal atresia
post-axial polydactyly
congenital heart disease
Article
COACH syndrome
The acronym COACH describes a syndrome associated with:
C: cerebellar vermis defect (Joubert syndrome)
O: oligophrenia
A: ataxia
C: coloboma
H: hepatic fibrosis
Epidemiology
COACH syndrome is considered extremely rare.
Associations
The association with infantile polycystic kidney diseas...
Article
Cockayne syndrome
Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive dysmyelinating disease. Cockayne syndrome is classified among the childhood leukodystrophies, and brain imaging findings are cardinal features suggesting the diagnosis of Cockayne syndrome. Previously published Cockayne syndrome imaging studies hav...
Article
Bouveret syndrome
Bouveret syndrome refers to a gastric outlet obstruction secondary to impaction of a gallstone in the pylorus or proximal duodenum. Thus, it can be considered a very proximal form of gallstone ileus.
Clinical presentation
Bouveret syndrome occurs most commonly in elderly women. The presenting...
Article
Morgagni-Stewart-Morel syndrome
Morgagni-Stewart-Morel syndrome consists of the triad of:
hyperostosis frontalis interna
obesity
excessive hair growth (virilism/hirsutism)
and is also associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. The cause is unclear.
History and etymology
It was first described in 1765 by the Italian ...
Article
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia is a form of skeletal dysplasia mainly involving the spine and proximal epiphyses.
Clinical presentation
short neck
short trunk with protruding abdomen
normal IQ
spine
atlantoaxial instability
craniovertebral junction stenosis
platyspondyly
scoliosis
exag...
Article
Excessive lateral pressure syndrome
Excessive lateral pressure syndrome or lateral patellar compression syndrome is the abnormal lateral tilt of the patella without lateral translation 1 and is considered one of the relatively common causes of anterior knee pain.
Epidemiology
Excessive lateral pressure syndrome can affect both a...
Article
Ulnar styloid impaction syndrome
Ulnar styloid impaction syndrome refers to wrist pain due to a long ulnar styloid process impacting upon the triquetral bone.
Pathology
An ulnar styloid >6 mm in length is commonly regarded as being long. Impaction results in chondromalacia of the opposing articular surfaces, i.e. the proximal...
Article
Gradenigo syndrome
Gradenigo syndrome consists of the triad of:
suppurative otitis media with persistent otorrhea and ear pain
abducens nerve palsy, secondary to involvement of the nerve as it passes through Dorello canal
retro-orbital pain, or pain in the cutaneous distribution of the frontal and maxillary div...
Article
Rett syndrome
Rett syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disease seen in young girls in the 2nd to 4th months of life. The majority of cases result from a mutation in the MECP2 gene; a more severe subset of the disease arises from a CDKL5 mutation 1.
Clinical presentation
Following a period of normal develop...
Article
Hunter syndrome
Hunter syndrome, also known as mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a rare genetic mucopolysaccharidosis disorder characterized by specific clinical features 1.
Epidemiology
Hunter syndrome is an X-linked recessive disease and therefore much more common in males. It is a rare disorder wit...
Article
Radial tunnel syndrome
Radial tunnel syndrome is an entity that refers to entrapment (tunnel syndrome) of the radial nerve in the forearm, as it occurs in the supinator syndrome. Some authors believe this is an early form of the posterior interosseous nerve syndrome 5.
Epidemiology
There may be a female predilection...
Article
Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome
Pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE) syndrome is a rare and under-diagnosed condition associated with chronic pain, sexual dysfunction and impaired sphincter control due to pudendal nerve compression.
Clinical presentation
PNE commonly manifests as neuropathic pain in the genitals, perineum or anus...
Article
Parkes Weber syndrome
Parkes Weber syndrome or less commonly F P Weber syndrome is a traditional eponymous denomination of a certain type of angiodysplasia, that would nowadays rather be called a mixed hemolymphatic congenital vascular malformation (CVM) with arteriovenous (AV) shunting, based on the Hamburg classifi...
Article
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a multisystem thrombotic microangiopathic disease characterized by the triad of renal failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. It is the most common cause of renal failure in infancy and childhood requiring dialysis.
There are two forms of this syndrom...
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