77 results found
Article
Cavernous sinus syndrome
Cavernous sinus syndromes refer to constellations of clinical signs and symptoms referable to pathology within or adjacent to the cavernous sinus.
Clinical presentation
Patients present with multiple unilateral cranial neuropathies involving any combination of the following:
ophthalmoplegia (...
Article
Neurocandidiasis
Neurocandidiasis results from disseminated infection of the central nervous system by the fungus Candida albicans, usually manifesting as cerebral microabscesses and meningitis.
Epidemiology
CNS disease is thought to occur in up to 52% of patients with disseminated candidiasis, but predominate...
Article
Central nervous system curriculum
The central nervous system curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core central nervous system knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to the intracranial content (brain, pituitary, dura, intracranial vasculatures). There will be...
Article
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Primary ciliary dyskinesia, also known as immotile cilia syndrome, is the result of a congenital defect in the ultrastructure of cilia that renders them incapable of normal movement. It is associated with a number of anatomic and functional abnormalities.
Epidemiology
Primary ciliary dyskinesi...
Article
Mucoid impaction (lung)
Mucoid impaction, also referred to as mucus plugging, refers to airway filling by retained secretions. When the bronchi become dilated due to mucoid impaction, the term bronchocele can be used 6.
Pathology
Etiology
Mucoid impaction may result from either obstructive or non-obstructive causes,...
Article
Feeding vessel sign
Feeding vessel sign consists of a distinct vessel leading directly to a nodule or a mass. This sign indicates either that the lesion has a hematogenous origin or that the disease process occurs near small pulmonary vessels.
A number of vessel-related non-neoplastic disorders of the lung produc...
Article
Lesions of the corpus callosum
Lesions of the corpus callosum are uncommon and arise from multiple different etiologies. The lesions can be classified according to underlying pathophysiology 4-6.
Neoplasm
Typically, amongst neoplasms, only aggressive lesions can invade the corpus callosum as it is composed of very dense whi...
Article
Ground-glass opacification
Ground-glass opacification/opacity (GGO) is a descriptive term referring to an area of increased attenuation in the lung on computed tomography (CT) with preserved bronchial and vascular markings. It is a non-specific sign with a wide etiology including infection, chronic interstitial disease an...
Article
Bronchospasm
Bronchospasm refers to a sudden constriction of the bronchial wall muscles.
Pathology
It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins.
It can be precipitated in many situations
certain forms of pulmonary edema
her...
Article
Asthma (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. It is defined by two main features 1:
a history of respiratory symptoms such as wheeze, shortness of breat...
Article
Crescent sign (disambiguation)
The characteristic shape of the crescent has been given to many radiological signs over the years:
air crescent sign (aspergillosis)
crescent in a doughnut sign (intussusception)
crescent sign (arterial dissection)
crescent sign (intravenous pyelogram)
crescent sign (lung hydatid)
crescent...
Article
Pulmonary cryptococcosis
Pulmonary cryptococcosis is a form of pulmonary fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans. The respiratory tract is the principal route of entry for infection via inhalation of fungal spores.
For a general discussion of infection with this organism, please refer...
Article
Tuberculous rhombencephalitis
Tuberculous rhombencephalitis is a particular form of neurotuberculosis that affects primarily the hindbrain (brainstem and cerebellum) and usually is manifested as a tuberculoma.
Please refer to the article on rhombencephalitis for a general discussion of that entity.
Epidemiology
Studies ha...
Article
Small pulmonary nodules (HRCT chest approach)
Small pulmonary lung nodules refer to an HRCT chest imaging descriptor for 5-10 mm lung nodules and are divided into three main categories based on their distribution pattern:
centrilobular
perilymphatic
random
Terminology
Radiologists often informally refer to indeterminate small pulmonary...
Article
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH or SIAD) (also known as Schwartz-Bartter syndrome) was initially described in patients with lung cancer who developed hyponatremia associated with continued urinary sodium loss. The result is often dilutional hyponatremia in whi...
Article
Common causes of bronchiectasis (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the common causes of bronchiectasis is:
CAPT Kangaroo has Mounier-Kuhn
Mnemonic
C: cystic fibrosis or congenital cystic bronchiectasis (Williams-Campbell syndrome)
A: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
P: post-infectious (most common)
T: tuberculosis (gra...
Article
Williams-Campbell syndrome
Williams-Campbell syndrome (WCS) is a rare form of congenital cystic bronchiectasis, in which distal bronchial cartilage is defective.
Clinical presentation
Williams-Campbell syndrome may present with recurrent pneumonia, wheezing, barrel-chest deformity, and Harrison sulcus 8.
Pathology
It ...
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