190 results
Article
Musculoskeletal curriculum
The musculoskeletal curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core of musculoskeletal knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments, but excluding the skeletal structures of the head.
Anat...
Article
Adrenal gland
The adrenal (suprarenal) glands (often shortened to just the adrenals) are paired organs of the endocrine system, often asymmetric in shape.
Gross anatomy
The adrenal glands are located superior and anteromedial to the kidneys, within the perirenal space, and enclosed by perirenal fascia. Eac...
Article
Benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone
Benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone is a term that has been used for a type of bone lesion considered histologically identical to non-ossifying fibroma but was distinguished on the basis that it was described in the adult population 1,2. The lesion needs to be differentiated from cutaneous or de...
Article
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Sacrococcygeal teratoma refers to a teratoma arising in the sacrococcygeal region. The coccyx is almost always involved 6.
Epidemiology
It is the most common congenital tumor in fetus 11 and neonate 3. The incidence is estimated at ~1:35,000-40,000. There is a recognized female predilection wi...
Article
Sonohysterography
Sonohysterography, also referred as saline-induced sonohysterography (SIS), is an ultrasound technique that better characterizes the uterine cavity and endometrium. It is particularly useful for evaluation of endometrial polyps.
Indications
fertility evaluation / recurrent pregnancy loss
intr...
Article
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, presumably autoimmune in etiology, which carries an increased risk of malignancy. It is considered a distinct condition to anti-synthetase syndrome.
Epidemiology
There is a recognized female predilection. It has a bimodal age of presentat...
Article
Brown tumor
A brown tumor, also known as osteitis fibrosa cystica and rarely as osteoclastoma, is one of the manifestations of hyperparathyroidism. It represents a reparative cellular process, rather than a neoplastic process. Histologically brown tumors are identical to giant cell tumors (both are osteocla...
Article
Stress fracture
Stress fractures refer to fractures occurring in the bone due to a mismatch of bone strength and chronic mechanical stress placed upon the bone.
Terminology
A pathological fracture, although a type of insufficiency fracture, is a term in general reserved for fractures occurring at the site of ...
Article
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Tubo-ovarian abscesses are one of the late complications of pelvic inflammatory disease.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Risk factors for tubo-ovarian abscesses include 15:
previous pelvic inflammatory disease 16
intrauterine device
multiple sexual partners
diabetes mellitus
immunosuppression
...
Article
RANZCR anatomy examination
The RANZCR anatomy examination is one of two examinations comprising the RANZCR Phase 1 examinations, with the other examination being the applied imaging technology (AIT) examination.
These examinations can be sat together or independent of each other, however, trainees have a maximum of four ...
Article
Endosalpingiosis
Endosalpingiosis refers to the presence of ciliated, glandular epithelium resembling the inner lining of the fallopian tube located in an ectopic location. The condition may present as cystic structures usually implanted on the peritoneal serosa 1.
Epidemiology
Endosalpingiosis is considered a...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (C)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter C and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Acute non-traumatic abdominal pain in pregnancy
Acute non-traumatic abdominal pain in pregnancy requires a considered imaging approach due to the increased risks of fetal demise associated with undiagnosed diseases such as perforated acute appendicitis. Ultrasound is the first-line modality due to its wide availability and ability to diagnose...
Article
Tumor thrombus
Tumor thrombus is defined as tumor extending into a vessel, typically a vein. It occurs in a wide variety of malignancies. It is vital to distinguish tumor thrombus from "bland" thrombus (free of neoplastic cells) in the setting of neoplasia, as this often impacts staging and treatment approach....
Article
Pelvic obliquity
Pelvic obliquity is referred to as one of three parameters contributing to the pelvic orientation and defines the rotation of the pelvis within the coronal plane.
It is a common feature in patients with spinal deformities such as cerebral palsy 1,2. It is also a potential source of measurement ...
Article
Voriconazole-induced periostitis
Voriconazole-induced periostitis is similar to fluorosis and is most likely due to the high fluoride content in the drug. The side-effect is related to the dose and duration of treatment and resolves rapidly after drug cessation 1.
Epidemiology
Voriconazole-induced periostitis primarily occurs...
Article
Intraosseous lipoma
Intraosseous lipomas are rare benign lesions that account for about 0.1-2.5% of all bone tumors. They are, however, the most common lipogenic tumors in bone 6.
Intraosseous lipomas account for one of the 'I's in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions FEGNOMASHIC.
Epidemiology
Intraosseo...
Article
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is ubiquitous throughout the skeleton, primarily composed of hematopoietic cells and fat cells between bony trabeculae and fibrous retinacula. It performs numerous physiological functions and dynamically changes during normal aging and in response to stressors and pathology. Although...
Article
Parosteal lipoma
Parosteal lipomas are rare benign fat-containing tumors closely related to the bone periosteum.
Epidemiology
Parosteal lipomas are rare, comprising just 0.3% of all lipomas. They typically occur in 40- to 60-year-old patients.
Clinical presentation
Patients present with a slowly enlarging, ...
Article
Central atypical cartilaginous tumor/ low-grade chondrosarcoma
Central atypical cartilaginous tumors/chondrosarcomas grade 1 (ACT/CS1) or low-grade central chondrosarcomas are locally aggressive chondral neoplasms that arise centrally within bone from the medullar cavity. They constitute the most common form of conventional chondrosarcoma.
Terminology
The...
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