240 results found
Article
In situ contouring
In situ contouring is a surgical technique used in thoracolumbar scoliosis surgery and thoracolumbar fracture reduction and fixation.
Procedure
Thoracolumbar scoliosis surgery
The key of this technique is to " make the rod take the shape of the spine and then to make the spine take the shape...
Article
Diastematomyelia
Diastematomyelia, also known as a split cord malformation, refers to a type of spinal dysraphism (spina bifida occulta) characterized by a longitudinal split in the spinal cord.
Terminology
Although traditionally, it has been distinguished from diplomyelia (in which the cord is duplicated rat...
Article
Slit-beam digital radiography system
EOS® imaging system (also known as a slot-scanning device or slit-beam digital radiography system) is an x-ray technology that allows simultaneous acquisition of AP and lateral images of the entire body in a natural, erect position, and is also capable of performing three-dimensional reconstruct...
Article
Spinal astrocytoma
Spinal astrocytomas are the second most common spinal cord tumor, representing 40% of intramedullary tumors 3. They account for 60% of pediatric intramedullary tumors, making them the most common spinal cord tumor in children 6.
This article specifically relates to spinal astrocytomas. For a di...
Article
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), refers to a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies rather than a single clinical entity 9.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of CMT in one Norwegian study was 82.3 cases per 100,000 peo...
Article
Hemivertebra
Hemivertebra is a type of vertebral anomaly that results from a lack of formation of one half of a vertebral body. It is a common cause of congenital scoliosis.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is at ~0.3 per 1000 live births 2.
Associations
Recognized associations are many and include:...
Article
Deferoxamine-induced bone dysplasia
Deferoxamine-induced bone dysplasia refers to abnormal bone development that may be present in patients undergoing iron-chelation therapy with deferoxamine. Deferoxamine is often used in patients with β thalassemia major for the prevention and treatment of transfusion-related secondary hemochrom...
Article
Klippel-Feil syndrome
Klippel-Feil syndrome is a complex heterogeneous entity that results in cervical vertebral fusion. Two or more non-segmented cervical vertebrae are usually sufficient for diagnosis.
Epidemiology
There is a recognized female predilection 1. Klippel-Feil syndrome has an incidence of 1:40,000-42,...
Article
Lumbar interbody fusion (overview)
Lumbar interbody fusion is a common technique that aims for osseous fusion after discectomy.
There are anterior and posterior approaches (relative to the transverse process), some of which require additional instrumentation, and none of which have been demonstrated to be clinically superior wi...
Article
Arterial tortuosity syndrome
Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a very rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disease. It is similar to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), the major differentiator being the general tortuous nature of the larger arteries.
Clinical presentation
It presents similarly to other collagen disor...
Article
Pediatric curriculum
The pediatric curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core pediatric knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to pediatric radiology, including pediatric neuroradiology and fetal radiology, although there will be some cross coverag...
Article
Chiari II malformation
Chiari II malformations are relatively common congenital malformations of the spine and posterior fossa characterized by myelomeningocele (lumbosacral spina bifida aperta) and a small posterior fossa with descent of the brainstem, cerebellar tonsils, and vermis through the foramen magnum. Numero...
Article
Dural ectasia
Dural ectasia refers to ballooning or widening of the dural sac which can result in posterior vertebral scalloping and is associated with herniation of nerve root sleeves.
Clinical presentation
Patients with dural ectasia may present with low back pain or radicular pain in the buttocks or legs...
Article
Lateral hemivertebra
A lateral hemivertebra is a form of hemivertebra which occurs when one of the two chondrification centers fails to develop. They can be single or multiple and usually associated in the formation of scoliosis.
Pathology
Subtypes
Various subtypes have been described
incarcerated hemivertebra
...
Article
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (thoracic manifestations)
Thoracic manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), or von Recklinghausen disease, are related to pulmonary and mediastinal features of this multisystem neurocutaneous disorder, which is the most common phakomatosis.
For thoracic manifestations involving the skeleton, such as focal thora...
Article
Spinal instrumentation hardware
Spinal instrumentation hardware refers to various types of implants used for fixation in spinal surgery. They can be used in various combinations and include wires, clamps, screws, different plate-screw and rod-screw interfaces, intervertebral prostheses and disk replacements.
Cervical spine in...
Article
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a dystrophinopathy and the most common muscular dystrophy.
Epidemiology
Duchenne muscular dystrophy has an incidence of 1 in 3500 to 5000 males 1,2. The condition is extremely rare in females due to its inheritance pattern, as discussed below 1.
Clinical p...
Article
Flat back syndrome
Flat back syndrome (FBS) refers to the decrease or absence of the normal lumbar lordosis resulting primarily in chronic lumbar pain.
Terminology
Flat back syndrome is a different condition from straight back syndrome and the two should not be confused or conflated.
Clinical presentation
Mos...
Article
Anterior vertebral body tether (AVBT)
Anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) is a fusionless technique for treating and managing idiopathic scoliosis in skeletally immature patients to reduce the typical side effects of rigid posterior fusion (such as loss of spinal motion and risks adjacent segment degeneration later in life) 1,3...
Article
Unilateral hypertransradiant hemithorax (mnemonic)
Unilateral hypertransradiancy is the correct term for the chest radiograph appearance of increased blackness affecting one lung. Hyperlucency is a commonly used alternative but is inaccurate; the chest is not penetrated by light!
A logical approach begins by checking for:
technical factors
pa...
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