Search results for “ophthalmology”
227 results
Article
MCA dot sign (brain)
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) dot sign, also known as the Sylvian fissure sign, is a type of hyperdense vessel sign seen on non-contrast brain CT and represents the cross-sectional M2 equivalent of the hyperdense MCA sign. Rather than imaging a length of middle cerebral artery (typically the ...
Article
Orbital septum
The orbital septum (plural: orbital septa) is a thin sheet of fibrous tissue that originates from the orbital rim periosteum and blends with the tendon of the levator palpebrae superioris superiorly and inserts into the tarsal plate inferiorly.
The orbital septum separates the intra-orbital fat...
Article
Exudative retinitis
Exudative retinitis, also known as retinal telangiectasis or Coats disease, is a rare congenital disease affecting the eyes and a cause of leukocoria.
Epidemiology
It occurs predominantly in young males, with the onset of symptoms generally appearing in the first decade of life with a peak age...
Article
Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an extremely rare clinically heterogeneous developmental disorder of unknown etiology. Although the described clinical symptomatology is very broad, the majority of cases include growth impairment, learning disability and dysmorphic facies.
Epidemiology
The...
Article
Cyclopia
Cyclopia refers to a rare fetal malformation characterized by a single palpebral fissure and a single midline orbit. This orbit may contain either a single globe or two separate globe.
Epidemiology
The condition is thought to affect approximately 1 in 40,000 to 95,000 births (inclusive of stil...
Article
Scottie dog sign (spine)
The Scottie dog sign (often seen spelled Scotty but Scottie is the correct spelling) refers to the normal appearance of the lumbar spine when seen on oblique radiographic projection. On oblique views, the posterior elements of the vertebra form the figure of a Scottie dog with:
the transverse p...
Article
Facial nerve choristoma
Facial nerve choristomas are rare, being characterized by non-neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue. Facial nerve choristomas presumably can occur anywhere along the course of the facial nerve (CN VII), although the only cases reported are in the internal acoustic me...
Article
Proptosis
Proptosis (rare plural: proptoses) refers to forward protrusion of the globe with respect to the orbit. Proptosis can be relative (to the contralateral eye), comparative (to a prior measurement of the same eye), or absolute (based on normal population reference values).
Terminology
Exophthalmo...
Article
Hypermetropia
Hypermetropia, also known as long-sightedness or hyperopia, is a refractive disorder. Though it can happen in any age group, it usually starts from mid-late adulthood.
Clinical presentation
In this condition, distant objects are seen better than close objects.
Pathology
The blurriness of nea...
Article
Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis (plural: endophthalmitides) is a potentially sight-threatening condition that involves intraocular inflammation of any cause. It is distinguished from panophthalmitis in that it does not extend beyond the sclera. It is either infectious or non-infectious in etiology, but in clini...
Article
Sclera
The sclera (plural: scleras or sclerae) is the fibrous, opaque white, coat of the eye. It functions to protect the intraocular contents.
Summary
location: posterior fifth-sixths of the eyeball
blood supply: ciliary arteries
innervation: ciliary nerves
relations: anteriorly continuous with ...
Article
Aorto-left renal vein fistula
Aorto-left renal vein fistula is an extremely rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. The initial clinical presentation is often non-specific, however, characteristic imaging findings, if recognized early, can lead to prompt diagnosis and assist in surgical planning.
Epidemiolo...
Article
Orbital spaces
The orbital spaces are important when considering different pathologies:
globe
subdivided into anterior and posterior segments by the lens
optic nerve-sheath complex
optic nerve
ophthalmic artery
central retinal artery and vein
surrounding sheath of meninges as an extension of the cerebr...
Article
Fat halo sign (inflammatory bowel disease)
The fat halo sign (in colonic imaging) refers to a feature seen on CT abdominal scans, and represents infiltration of the submucosa with fat, between the muscularis propria and the mucosa. It is characterized by an inner (mucosa) and outer (muscularis propria and serosa) ring of enhancing bowel ...
Article
Plexiform neurofibroma
Plexiform neurofibroma is an uncommon variant of neurofibroma, a benign tumor of peripheral nerves (WHO grade I), arising from a proliferation of all neural elements. Plexiform neurofibromas are essentially pathognomonic of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Unlike small sporadic localized neurofib...
Article
Posterior choroidal artery infarct
Posterior choroidal artery infarct is a rare isolated ischemic stroke syndrome due to occlusion of the posterior choroidal artery. It usually coexists with posterior cerebral artery, and often superior cerebellar artery, infarction.
Clinical presentation
When infarction is limited to to the la...
Article
Scleromalacia perforans
Scleromalacia perforans, or non-inflammatory necrotizing scleritis, is a severe and very rare form of scleritis.
Epidemiology
Associations
rheumatoid arthritis
Crohn disease
ulcerative colitis
systemic lupus erythematosus
Behçet disease 5
relapsing polychondritis 5
granulomatosis with p...
Article
Cherubism
Cherubism has historically been considered a variant of fibrous dysplasia, but is likely a distinct entity.
Epidemiology
Cherubism is a rare disorder and the precise incidence is unknown. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern 2 and has variable penetrance, with onset in early child...
Article
SHORT syndrome
SHORT syndrome refers to an acronym which primarily comprises of the following features:
S: short stature
H: hyperextensibility of joints and/or inguinal hernia
O: ocular depression
R: Rieger anomaly
T: teething delay
In addition to these there can be numerous associated minor features whi...
Article
Hollenhorst plaque
Hollenhorst plaques are seen on clinical examination of the retina and are the result of cholesterol emboli at the retinal arteriole bifrication 1. They most commonly originate from the carotid or aortic atheroscleroritc plaque 2. Hollenhorst plaques are a a risk factor for ischemic stroke and a...
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.