190 results
Article
Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant cartilaginous tumors most commonly found in older patients. They can arise de novo or secondary to an existing benign cartilaginous neoplasm. On imaging, these tumors have ring-and-arc chondroid matrix mineralization with aggressive features...
Article
Iliopsoas muscle
The iliopsoas muscle is a large compound pelvic muscle composed of the psoas major and iliacus. The iliopsoas belongs to the anterior compartment of the pelvic muscles and is a muscle of the posterior abdominal wall. It found within the iliopsoas compartment and is an important muscle in locomot...
Article
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a broad term that encompasses a spectrum of infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract, resulting in a range of abnormalities.
Epidemiology
The highest incidence is seen among sexually-active women in their teens, with 75% of cases being ...
Article
Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer ranks as the most common primary malignant tumor in men and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Prostatic adenocarcinoma is by far the most common histological type and is the primary focus of this article.
Terminology
The aim of prostate MRI is to det...
Article
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells and manifests in a wide...
Article
Trauma
The term trauma (plural: traumas) or traumatic injury refers to damage or harm of sudden onset caused by external factors or forces requiring medical attention.
Polytrauma or multiple trauma has been defined as a pattern of potentially life-threatening injuries involving at least two body regio...
Article
Acetabular dysplasia
Acetabular dysplasia is referred to as a shallow acetabulum, not being able to provide sufficient coverage for the femoral head and thus leading to instability of the hip joint.
Terminology
Acetabular dysplasia is a form of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often referred to in the adol...
Article
Intrapelvic cup migration
Intrapelvic cup migration is a serious complication after total hip arthroplasty, in which the prosthetic acetabular cup migrates or drifts into the pelvic inlet.
Epidemiology
Fortunately, this complication is very rare. There seems to be a female predisposition 1-3.
Risk factors
Factors inc...
Article
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and skeletal fragility.
The World Health Organization (WHO) operationally defines osteoporosis as a bone mineral density T-score less than -2.5 SD (more than 2.5 standard deviations under the young-adult mean), which ...
Article
Cysts of Hattori
Cysts of Hattori, also known as posterior mediastinal paravertebral Müllerian cysts, are mediastinal cysts of Mullerian origin, lined by ciliated non-stratified cuboidal to columnar epithelium, that occur in the posterior mediastinum.
Epidemiology
Of all mediastinal masses, ~20% (range 10–30%)...
Article
Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma
Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is included in the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) along with Ewing sarcoma of bone, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET), peripheral neuroepithelioma, and Ewing sarcoma of the chest wall (previously known as Askin tumor). When compared with ...
Article
Piriformis syndrome
Piriformis syndrome is a rare entrapment neuropathy resulting in radicular pain radiating into the buttock and hamstrings. The entity is controversial as are the putative causes.
Clinical presentation
Sciatic pain reproduced on passive internal rotation/adduction of a flexed hip is considered ...
Article
Uterine leiomyoma
Uterine leiomyomas, also known as uterine fibroids, are benign tumors of myometrial origin and are the most common solid benign uterine neoplasms. Commonly an incidental finding on imaging, they rarely cause a diagnostic dilemma.
Epidemiology
They are clinically apparent in ~25% of women of re...
Article
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis and represents a chronic granulomatous disease resulting in a non-functioning kidney. Radiographic features are usually specific.
Epidemiology
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is seen essentially in all age gro...
Article
Osteoradionecrosis
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) refers to a severe delayed radiation-induced injury and is characterized by bone tissue necrosis and failure in healing.
Terminology
There is some overlap with the terms radiation osteitis and radio-osteonecrosis. The condition most often occurs after radiotherapy and...
Article
Musculoskeletal hydatid infection
Musculoskeletal hydatid infections are a very rare form of hydatid disease.
For a general discussion, and for links to other system-specific manifestations, please refer to the article on hydatid disease.
Clinical presentation
Patients usually present with slow-growing swelling with or witho...
Article
Vertebral pneumatocyst
Vertebral pneumatocysts are gas-filled cavities within the spinal vertebrae. They are most common at cervical levels. In general, vertebral pneumatocysts are less common than intraosseous pneumatocysts in the pelvis, especially adjacent to the sacroiliac joint.
Pathogenesis
Although not comple...
Article
Angiofibroma of soft tissue
Angiofibromas of soft tissue are benign fibroblastic soft tissue neoplasms permeated by a vascular network that might be found in the periarticular and articular areas of the lower extremities that have been included as a separate entity in the WHO classification of soft tissue tumors in 2020.
...
Article
Gadobenate dimeglumine
Gadobenate dimeglumine (also known as MultiHance) is an extracellular intravenous contrast agent used in magnetic resonance imaging.
linear, ionic molecule
95-96% renal excretion, 4-5% hepatic excretion
T1 relaxivity @ 1.5 T: 6.0-6.6
concentration: 0.5 mmol/mL
recommended dosage: 0.1 mmol/...
Article
Broad ligament leiomyoma
Broad ligament leiomyomas are extra-uterine leiomyomas that occur in relation to the broad ligament.
Terminology
Broad ligament leiomyomas are also referred to as a type of parasitic leiomyomas 5.
Clinical presentation
While in most cases broad ligament leiomyomas are asymptomatic, patients...
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