Search results for “COPD”
353 results
Article
Paraseptal emphysema
Paraseptal emphysema refers to a morphological subtype of pulmonary emphysema located adjacent to the pleura and septal lines with a peripheral distribution within the secondary pulmonary lobule. The affected lobules are almost always subpleural, and demonstrate small focal lucencies up to 10 mm...
Article
Echogenic fetal lung lesions
Echogenic fetal lung lesions on antenatal ultrasound can be detected in a number of situations. They include:
Airway obstructions: lung are often enlarged and echogenic bilaterally
congenital high airways obstruction syndrome (CHAOS)
tracheal atresia
congenital tracheal stenosis
laryngeal a...
Article
Eosinophil
Eosinophils, also less commonly known as acidophils, are myeloid granulocytes and form one of the main types of white blood cells. Their counts are routinely measured as part of a full blood count. They have important roles in fighting parasitic infections, but are increasingly recognized as hav...
Article
Pneumatosis intestinalis (mnemonic)
A helpful mnemonic for remembering the causes of pneumatosis intestinalis is:
ChIPS
Mnemonic
C: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
I: ischemia
P: pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
S: scleroderma/steroids
Article
Talcosis
Talcosis is a type of pneumoconiosis and can be prevalent in intravenous drug users. It is one of the four recognized types of talc-induced lung disease.
Pathology
Talc (magnesium silicate) is used in the preparation of tablets intended for oral use, where it acts as a 'filler' and lubricant. ...
Article
Pseudopneumoretroperitoneum
Pseudopneumoretroperitoneum is the radiographic finding of gas within the abdominal region that mimics the appearance of pneumoretroperitoneum (cf. the analogous pseudopneumoperitoneum i.e. abdominal gas that erroneously suggests pneumoperitoneum).
Causes of pseudopneumoretroperitoneum include...
Article
Texture analysis
Texture analysis is a non-invasive, mathematical method assessing the spatial heterogeneity of regions of interest in medical imaging, its primary application is in the assessment of tumors. Although not a new topic of research, the past decade has seen a significant resurgence of texture analys...
Article
Sinonasal polyposis (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the causes of sinonasal polyposis is:
KIC AAAN
Mnemonic
K: Kartagener syndrome
I: infectious rhinosinusitis
C: cystic fibrosis
A: aspirin sensitivity
A: allergic fungal sinusitis
A: asthma
N: nickel exposure
Article
Protracted bacterial bronchitis
Protracted bacterial bronchitis is one of the most common causes of cough in children, particularly those aged <6 years. Is it characterized by a chronic wet cough with no associated cause and tends to respond to 2 weeks of antibiotic therapy.
Epidemiology
Protracted bacterial bronchitis is th...
Article
Pulmonary strongyloidiasis
Pulmonary strongyloidiasis refers to changes associated with lung infection due to the parasite named Strongyloides stercoralis. It is endemic to both the tropics and subtropics.
Pathology
Severe cases such as hyperinfection syndrome (HS) and disseminated strongyloidiasis (DS), can involve pul...
Article
Marijuana lung
Marijuana (cannabis or bong) lung refers to the presence of large apical bullae in patients who regularly smoke marijuana. A definite causative link between smoking marijuana and bullous lung disease has not been established, and the association may just be coincidental.
Pathology
Smoking mar...
Article
Asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia
Asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia is a form of pulmonary eosinophilia which is commonly attributed to Aspergillus fumigatus. Although many cases have not shown any allergen.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph - patterns
normal
hyperinflation (in acute attacks or chronic severe asthma)
fe...
Article
High attenuation mucus
High-attenuation mucus (HAM) is a form of mucoid impaction which is often considered a characteristic and an "almost pathognomonic" feature of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) (close to 100% specificity) 1.
Epidemiology
It may be present in up to 28% of patients with allergic bro...
Article
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a group of chronic aspergillosis found in non-immunocompromised patients with prior or current lung disease (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mycobacteriosis or conditions such as diabetes).
It can manifest as several forms 1.
chronic cavitar...
Article
Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide
Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (often abbreviated as DLCO) is a measure that determines how much oxygen travels from the alveoli of the lungs to the bloodstream. It is an index of the surface area available for gas exchange. In some situations is also used synonymously with ...
Article
Central bronchiectasis
Distribution of bronchiectasis can help in narrowing the differential diagnosis. Central bronchiectasis is typically seen in:
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
congenital tracheobronchomegaly (also known as Mounier Kuhn syndrome)
cystic fibrosis
Williams Campbell syndrome (rare)...
Article
Panlobular emphysema
Panlobular emphysema is a morphological descriptive type of emphysema that is depicted by permanent destruction of the entire acinus distal to the respiratory bronchioles with no "obvious" associated fibrosis.
Pathology
Panacinar emphysema is characterized by permanent destruction of the airsp...
Article
Iodinated contrast media
Iodinated contrast media are contrast agents that contain iodine atoms used for x-ray-based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT). They can also be used in fluoroscopy, angiography and venography, and even occasionally, plain radiography. Although the intravenous route of administr...
Article
Common causes of bronchiectasis (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the common causes of bronchiectasis is:
CAPT Kangaroo has Mounier-Kuhn
Mnemonic
C: cystic fibrosis or congenital cystic bronchiectasis (Williams-Campbell syndrome)
A: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
P: post-infectious (most common)
T: tuberculosis (gra...
Article
Harrison sulcus
The Harrison sulcus or Harrison groove refers to a groove at the lower end of the rib cage seen in young children/infants with abnormally weak bones (e.g. rickets) or chronic respiratory disease (e.g. severe asthma). The lower chest is drawn in with flaring of the rib margin. The exact cause is ...
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