345 results
Article
Mandibular lesions
Mandibular lesions are myriad and common. The presence of teeth results in lesions that are specific to the mandible (and maxilla) and a useful classification that defines them as odontogenic or non-odontogenic. While it may often not be possible to make a diagnosis on imaging alone, this classi...
Article
Bone tumors with internal trabeculations (mnemonic)
A mnemonic to remember the types of bone tumors with internal trabeculations or pseudotrabeculations is:
D CHANG
Mnemonic
D: desmoplastic fibroma
C: chondromyxoid fibroma
H: hemangioma (intraosseous)
A: aneurysmal bone cyst
N: non-ossifying fibroma
G: giant cell tumor
Article
Skeletal lesions with giant cells
There are a number of skeletal lesions with giant cells on histology, which may occasionally lead to mischaracterization of the lesion.
Below is a list of lesions with giant cells as an important histological feature, to aid in differential diagnosis if the histological diagnosis of a lesion do...
Article
Low T1 bone lesion
Low T1 bone lesions or T1 hypointense bone lesions are radiological terms to categorize bone lesions according to their visually perceived low signal on T1 weighted images. Apart from the usual description of a bone lesion seen on MRI they are used to categorize incidentally found solitary bone ...
Article
Brenner tumor
Brenner tumors are an uncommon surface epithelial tumor of the ovary. It was originally known as a transitional cell tumor due to its histological similarity to the urothelium. Brenner tumors account for ~3% of ovarian epithelial neoplasms. They can very rarely occur in other locations, includin...
Article
Parosteal osteosarcoma
Parosteal osteosarcoma is a subtype of osteosarcoma and arises from the outer layer of the periosteum.
Epidemiology
It is the most common type of juxtacortical or surface osteosarcoma and accounts for ~4% of all osteosarcomas 1-3. It typically presents in early adulthood and middle age with a...
Article
Ovarian tumors
Ovarian tumors are relatively common and account for ~6% of female malignancies. This article focuses on the general classification of ovarian tumors. For specific tumor features, please refer to the relevant subarticles.
Pathology
Subtypes
Primary ovarian tumors
Surface epithelial-stromal o...
Article
Chondroblastoma
Chondroblastomas are benign chondrogenic bone neoplasms characteristically arising in the epiphysis or apophysis of a long bone in young patients. Despite being rare, they are one of the most frequently encountered benign epiphyseal neoplasms in skeletally immature patients 1.
Chondroblastoma a...
Article
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors are the cause of the vast majority of cases of tumor-induced (oncogenic) osteomalacia due to the production of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23).
Epidemiology
These tumors are extremely rare, with fewer than 500 cases reported in the literature 1. Most occur ...
Article
Sex cord / stromal ovarian tumors
Sex cord / stromal ovarian tumors are a subtype of ovarian tumors and account for 8-10% of all ovarian tumors. They arise from two groups of cells in the ovary:
stromal cells
primitive sex cords: celomic epithelium
The group of tumors includes
ovarian fibroma-thecoma spectrum
ovarian fibrom...
Article
Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary
Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) of the ovary is a rare ovarian neoplasm. It is considered a subtype of ovarian sex cord / stromal tumor and is included in the fibroma-thecoma group of ovarian tumors 9.
Epidemiology
It occurs predominantly in young women and its incidence peaks around the 2nd to...
Article
Pseudo Meigs syndrome
Pseudo Meigs syndrome refers to a clinical syndrome of pleural effusion and ascites associated with an ovarian tumor that is not a fibroma or a fibroma-like tumor.
Pathology
Entities that have been reported to result in pseudo Meigs syndrome include
Krukenberg tumors
colon carcinoma metastas...
Article
Differential diagnosis for metatarsal region pain
Forefoot pain in the metatarsal region is a common complaint and may be caused by a number of conditions. It is worthwhile for a radiologist to have knowledge of the potential causes and their imaging features 1.
Pathology
Etiology
Trauma
turf toe
plantar plate disruption
sesamoiditis
str...
Article
Primary cardiac tumors
Primary cardiac tumors are uncommon and comprise only a small minority of all tumors that involve the heart: most are mediastinal or lung tumors that extend through the pericardium and into the heart, or metastases 1.
Epidemiology
Primary cardiac tumors have an estimated autopsy prevalence of ...
Article
Fibrous lesions
The differential for fibrous lesions is wide and includes:
non-ossifying fibroma
fibrous dysplasia
osteofibrous dysplasia / adamantinoma
desmoplastic fibroma
fibromatoses, e.g.
plantar fibromatosis
palmar fibromatosis
malignant fibrous histiocytoma / fibrosarcoma
dermatofibrosarcoma p...
Article
Benign lytic bone lesions
Benign lytic bone lesions encompass a wide variety of entities. A useful starting point is the FEGNOMASHIC mnemonic.
The differential diagnosis for benign lytic bone lesions includes:
fibrous dysplasia (FD)
eosinophilic granuloma (EG)
enchondroma
non-ossifying fibroma (NOF)
osteoblastoma
...
Article
Round pneumonia
Round pneumonia is a type of pneumonia usually only seen in pediatric patients. They are well defined, rounded opacities that represent regions of infected consolidation.
Epidemiology
The mean age of patients with round pneumonia is 5 years and 90% of patients who present with round pneumonia ...
Article
Osteolytic lesions with septations and trabeculations (differential)
Differential diagnosis of lytic bone lesions with septations and trabeculations include 1:
benign lesions
unicameral bone cyst
aneurysmal bone cyst
giant cell tumor
non-ossifying fibroma
intraosseous lipoma
fibrous dysplasia
Brown tumor
ameloblastoma
adamantinoma
haemophilic pseudotum...
Article
Desmoid tumor
Desmoid tumors are benign, non-inflammatory fibroblastic tumors with a tendency for local invasion and recurrence post resection. They are sometimes considered a locally aggressive proliferative disease within the family of soft-tissue sarcomas but, metastasis is uncommon 7,11.
Terminology
Th...
Article
Mixed density bone lesion
The term mixed density bone lesion is used to describe lesions with a combination of osteolytic and osteosclerotic components within or adjacent to cancellous bone. The amount of osteolytic and osteoblastic areas within the lesion remains more or less subjective 1.
Differential diagnosis
Simil...
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