Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
698 results found
Article
Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm
Femoral artery pseudoaneurysms are usually iatrogenic, as the femoral artery is the vessel of choice for most endovascular arterial interventions.
Pathology
Etiology
iatrogenic
anticoagulation therapy
inadequate compression following femoral arterial puncture for endovascular intervention
...
Article
Nasolacrimal injury
Nasolacrimal injuries are reported to be common and may result in temporary or permanent dysfunction.
Epidemiology
Fracture of the nasolacrimal apparatus has been reported in ~10% of patients with craniofacial fracture, with ~10% of these reporting symptoms of epiphora or dacryocystitis 1.
...
Article
Posterior ligamentous complex injury
Posterior ligamentous complex injury refers to tears/ruptures of the spinal posterior ligamentous complex, which consists of the ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligaments, supraspinous ligament, and facet joint capsules. Posterior ligamentous complex disruption is a central part of the currently...
Article
Gunshot injuries
Gunshot injuries are a type of penetrating trauma that often require imaging assessment, and this evaluation has both clinical relevance (assessment of organ damage, surgical planning, and prognostication), and often also forensic implications.
Epidemiology
Incidence of gunshot injuries to the...
Article
Scalp hematoma
Scalp hematomas commonly occur either following a perinatal injury at delivery or as part of head trauma.
Pathology
There are three types of hematoma, which are defined by their location within the scalp, in particular, their location as related to the galea aponeurosis and skull periosteum (t...
Article
Yo-yo on a string sign - Stener lesion
The yo-yo on a string sign denotes the characteristic appearance of the torn, proximally retracted and superficially displaced ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) due to a Stener lesion.
Mechanism
The sign occurs as a consequence of the tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb (gamekeepe...
Article
Landells classification of atlas fractures
The Landells (and van Peteghem) classification of fractures of the atlas is one of the commonly used systems to describe C1 vertebral injuries.
Classification
Fractures are classified by their involvement of the C1 anterior arch, posterior arch, and/or lateral mass 1:
type I: confined to eith...
Article
Subaxial cervical spine injury classification
The subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC) system and severity score is a system for cervical spine trauma that helps guide treatment and predicts prognosis.
Classification
Three parameters are assessed, two being radiologic determined and the last being a clinical assessment 1.
...
Article
Tuli classification of occipital condyle fractures
The Tuli classification of occipital condyle fractures is a clinically-oriented system for describing these injuries based on fracture displacement and ligamentous injury. It is newer than the more well-known Anderson and Montesano classification of occipital condyle fractures and allows the inc...
Article
Anterior dislocation of the hip
Anterior hip dislocation is much less common than a posterior hip dislocation. It constitutes only 5-18% of all hip dislocations.
Pathology
While the posterior dislocation is often associated with fractures, the anterior dislocation is mostly an isolated injury 1.
Subtypes
It can be classifi...
Article
Gilula three carpal arcs
Gilula three carpal arcs are used in the assessment of the normal alignment of the carpus on PA wrist radiographs:
first arc: is a smooth curve outlining the proximal convexities of the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum
second arc: traces the distal concave surfaces of the same bones
third arc:...
Article
Avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal styloid
Avulsion fractures of the 5th metatarsal styloid, also known as a pseudo-Jones fracture or a dancer fracture, are one of the more common foot avulsion injuries and account for over 90% of fractures of the base of the 5th metatarsal.
Terminology
Despite what should be a simple entity, controver...
Article
Distal radioulnar joint dislocation
Isolated distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocations are rare and are more commonly part of complex forearm fracture-dislocations.
Clinical presentation
Wrist pain, swelling and deformity following FOOSH or direct trauma. The patient will be unable to supinate/pronate the forearm 1,2.
Patho...
Article
Seurat spleen
Seurat spleen is an angiographic appearance seen following blunt trauma to the spleen. Multiple small punctate regions of intraparenchymal contrast extravasation lead to a spotted appearance.
Pathology
Several mechanisms are thought to to attribute to this appearance which include sinusoidal s...
Article
Keifhaber-Stern classification of volar plate avulsion injuries of hand
The Keifhaber-Stern classification was proposed originally by Hastings and later modified by Keifhaber and Stern in 1998. This classification, along with the Eaton classification, is the most widely accepted classification at the time of writing (August 2016) for the management of volar plate av...
Article
Congenital insensitivity to pain
Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) refers to a group of rare hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) characterized by an inability to feel pain 1.
Terminology
Although not clearly defined in the literature, congenital insensitivity to pain is not one specific diagnosis but de...
Article
Psoas sign (abdominal x-ray)
The psoas sign is a classic albeit non-specific finding on the abdominal radiograph, potentially representing retroperitoneal pathology.
Normally on an abdominal radiograph, the lateral margins of both the psoas muscles are clearly visible due to adjacent fat. When the lateral edge of one, or b...
Article
Translation-rotation spine injury
Translation-rotation spine injuries are severe injuries characterized by horizontal displacement or rotation of one vertebral body with respect to another.
Pathology
These injuries result from torsional and shear forces. This type of injury is usually severe and involves the posterior ligament...
Article
Classification of sacral fractures
There are several classification systems for sacral fractures, but the most commonly employed are the Denis classification and subclassification systems, and the Isler classification system. These classification systems are important to understand as proper classification can impact management.
...
Article
Classification of gamekeeper thumb
This classification of gamekeeper's thumb (also known as skier's thumb) was proposed by Hintermann et al. 1 in 1993 and is based on whether a fracture is present and whether the injury is stable:
type I
fracture present, which is non-displaced and stable in flexion
typically treated with a sp...
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