16 results found
Article
Rectal foreign bodies
Rectal foreign bodies are not uncommon in emergency departments around the world and potentially cause management difficulties.
Epidemiology
The incidence varies according to the region, said to be uncommon in Asia and most common in Eastern Europe 1. Typically patients are male with a wide ra...
Article
Foreign body
Foreign bodies are objects lying partially or wholly within the body that originated in the external environment. Foreign body placement is voluntary or involuntary. Although implanted medical devices represent foreign bodies in the broad sense of the term, these have their own set of articles (...
Article
Lower abdominal/pelvic calcification
Causes of calcifications in the lower abdomen and pelvis include:
vascular calcifications
atherosclerosis
aneurysm
phlebolith
urogenital
uterine fibroid
ovarian dermoid
prostatic calcification
seminal vesicle and ductus deferens calcification
bladder stones
gallstones
dropped stones ...
Article
Medical devices in the abdomen and pelvis
Medical devices in the abdomen and pelvis are important to be recognized, just like medical devices of the chest. We often ignore these devices, considering them to be incidental and non-pathological, however it is essential to be aware of potential complications.
Gastrointestinal devices
tube...
Article
Rectum
The rectum is the last part of the large intestine. It is located within the pelvis and is the continuation of the sigmoid colon after the rectosigmoid junction and continues as the anal canal at the anorectal angle created by puborectalis.
Gross anatomy
At the level of the S3 vertebral body,...
Article
Anusitis
Anusitis is inflammation of the anal canal lining.
Terminology
Anusitis should not be confused with proctitis, which is distinguished as inflammation of rectal mucosa.
Epidemiology
Anusitis is associated with diet, in particular excess intake of coffee, cola, beer, citrus, spices, and/or hot...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (R)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter R and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R ...
Article
Pneumoretroperitoneum
Pneumoretroperitoneum is by definition presence of gas within the retroperitoneal space.
Pathology
Pneumoretroperitoneum is always abnormal and has a relatively small differential:
perforated retroperitoneal hollow viscus
duodenum
peptic ulcer disease 12
blunt or penetrating abdominal trau...
Article
Perianal disease
Perianal disease, also known as anorectal disease, is the collective name given to a group of diseases that primarily affect the anal canal +/- rectum. The disease spectrum ranges from the typically benign, e.g. hemorrhoids, to the potentially more serious, e.g. perianal fistula 1-3.
hemorrhoid...
Article
Meckel diverticulum
Meckel diverticulum is a congenital intestinal diverticulum due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct that occurs around the distal ileum. It is considered the most common structural congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract.
Epidemiology
...
Article
Urinary bladder wall or lumen calcification (differential)
Causes of urinary bladder wall or lumen calcification include:
Common
bladder calculus
schistosomiasis of the urinary tract
tuberculosis
Uncommon
neuroblastoma; pheochromocytoma
radiation reaction
alkaptonuria (ochronosis)
amyloidosis
calculus in a urachal cyst or in a bladder divertic...
Article
Abdominal (lateral view)
The lateral view abdominal radiograph is a less common projection of the abdomen, it is different from the lateral decubitus view of the abdomen and looks more like a lateral lumbar spine view.
Indications
This projection is often requested as a useful problem-solving view that can complement ...
Article
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids or anal cushions are normal vascular cushions of submucosal tissue present since birth in the anal canal and help in maintaining stool continence 2,6. Symptomatic pathological hemorrhoids occur secondary to raised intra-abdominal pressure 2.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of hemorrhoi...
Article
Trauma
The term trauma (plural: traumas) or traumatic injury refers to damage or harm of sudden onset caused by external factors or forces requiring medical attention.
Polytrauma or multiple trauma has been defined as a pattern of potentially life-threatening injuries involving at least two body regio...
Article
Rectovaginal fistula
Rectovaginal fistulae are a type of colovaginal fistula where there is an abnormal fistulous connection between the rectum and the vagina. It is considered the most common gastrointestinal fistula involving the female genital tract 1.
Pathology
They can occur from a number of causes that inclu...
Article
Giant colonic diverticulum
Giant colonic diverticula, also referred to as giant colonic pseudodiverticula, are an uncommon presentation of colonic diverticulosis and are characterized by large diverticular masses, usually filled with stool and gas, that communicate with the colonic lumen.
Terminology
Although the great ...
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