Search results for “also”
2,176 results
Article
Phalanges of the hands
The phalanges (single: phalanx) of the hands are the tubular bones of the fingers and thumb. The second to fifth fingers each contain a proximal, middle and distal phalanx whereas the thumb only contains a proximal and distal phalanx.
Gross anatomy
Osteology
The middle and proximal phalanges ...
Article
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma, is a multifocal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow. It is the most common primary malignant bone neoplasm in adults. It arises from red marrow due to the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells and manifests in a wide...
Article
Syphilis
Syphilis is the result of infection with the gram-negative spirochete Treponema pallidum, subspecies pallidum. It results in a heterogeneous spectrum of disease with many systems that can potentially be involved, which are discussed separately.
Epidemiology
Despite the discovery of penicillin...
Article
Transthyretin amyloidosis
Transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is a form of systemic amyloidosis characterized by the misfolding, aggregation and deposition of transthyretin-related (TTR) protein in various organs 1-6. This can occur in the following two forms namely in the setting of a genetically normal transthyretin-relat...
Article
Paget disease (bone)
Paget disease of the bone is a common, chronic metabolic bone disorder characterized by excessive abnormal bone remodeling. The classically described radiological appearances are expanded bone with a coarsened trabecular pattern. The pelvis, spine, skull, and proximal long bones are most frequen...
Article
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis refers to an infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides spp., usually localized to the lungs. This disease is not to be confused with the similarly named paracoccidioidomycosis.
Epidemiology
The most common species of Coccidioides are Coccidioides immitis and Cocc...
Article
Rotator cuff tear
Rotator cuff tears are one of the most common causes of shoulder pain mostly in older patients.
Clinical presentation
The prevalence of tears increases with age. The most significant findings are impingement and "arc of pain" sign (pain while lowering the abducted arm) 1. Supraspinatus weaknes...
Article
Lateral epicondylitis
Lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow, is an overuse syndrome of the common extensor tendon and predominantly affects the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon.
Epidemiology
Lateral epicondylitis occurs with a frequency of 7 to 10 times that of medial epicondylitis. As with ...
Article
Lead poisoning
Lead poisoning or plumbism refers to the multi-organ toxicity exerted by exposure to lead. Manifestations differ based on a myriad of features including chronicity, exposure intensity, and age. Neurologic toxicity and hematologic toxicity are common features. Clinical manifestations vary, rangin...
Article
Tibial tunnel cyst
Tibial tunnel cysts, including pretibial cysts, are occasional complications of autologous or synthetic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgeries. They are benign ganglion cysts that develop in or around the osseous tibial tunnel made during ACL reconstruction using the transtibi...
Article
Bone metastases
Bone (skeletal) metastases are the third most frequent behind lung and liver metastases 6. They result in significant morbidity in patients with metastatic disease. Although the diagnosis is often straightforward, especially as in many cases there is a well-documented history of metastatic malig...
Article
Fracture
A fracture is a discontinuity in a bone (or cartilage) resulting from mechanical forces which exceed the bone's ability to withstand them.
Terminology
A fracture is often written as # in medical shorthand, i.e. the hash symbol, although it is still pronounced as fracture, e.g. "neck of femur f...
Article
Perthes disease
Perthes disease, also known as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, refers to idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral epiphysis seen in children.
Terminology
Perthes disease should not be confused with Perthes lesion of the shoulder.
Epidemiology
Perthes disease is relatively uncommon and in Western ...
Article
COL4A1-related disorders
COL4A1-related disorders are a group of autosomal dominant disorders caused by a mutation in the COL4A1 gene.
Epidemiology
The exact prevalence is unknown, but the group of disorders is considered to be under-recognized, especially asymptomatic variants 1.
Clinical presentation
The clinical ...
Article
Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is painful, limited hip motion due to specific morphological abnormalities in the femoral head-neck region and/or acetabulum. Femoroacetabular impingement can lead to early degenerative disease.
Epidemiology
Femoroacetabular impingement is common in ...
Article
Primary cutaneous melanoma
Primary cutaneous melanoma is the most common subtype of melanoma, a malignant neoplasm that arises from melanocytes. Melanocytes predominantly occur in the basal layer of the epidermis but do occur elsewhere in the body. Primary cutaneous melanoma is by far the most common type of primary melan...
Article
Knee menisci
The knee menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures that sit within the knee joint, deepening the tibiofemoral articulation. Their main role is shock absorption, improve stability of the knee joint, and load transmission. They also play an important role in synovial fluid dynamic circulation and ...
Article
Cellulitis
Cellulitis (rare plural: cellulitides) is an acute infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues without deep fascial or muscular involvement. It results in pain, erythema, edema, and warmth. Since the epidermis is not involved, cellulitis is not transmitted by person-to-person contact.
Epid...
Article
Ewing sarcoma
Ewing sarcomas are the second most common malignant primary bone tumors of childhood after osteosarcoma, typically arising from the medullary cavity with the invasion of the Haversian system. Ewing sarcomas usually present as moth-eaten, destructive, and permeative lucent lesions in the shaft of...
Article
Occipital neuralgia
Occipital neuralgia, also known as Arnold's neuralgia, is a neuralgic pain, similar to the better-known trigeminal neuralgia, but affecting the occipital nerves.
Terminology
The term C2 neuralgia is often used synonymously with occipital neuralgia, and reasonably so as the greater occipital n...
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