146 results
Article
Acute mastoiditis
Acute mastoiditis refers to a suppurative infection of the mastoid air cells. It is the most common complication of acute otitis media.
Terminology
In acute otitis media, an inflammatory middle ear effusion is present that can freely move into the mastoid air cells. Consequently, some authors ...
Article
Mastoid antrum
The mastoid antrum (plural: mastoid antra) (also known as tympanic antrum or Valsalva antrum) is an air space (up to 1 cm in size) lying posterior to the middle ear and connected to it by a short passageway, the aditus ad antrum.
The superior wall or roof of the mastoid antrum is known as the t...
Article
Coalescent mastoiditis
Coalescent mastoiditis is simply the term given to acute otomastoiditis when mucoperiosteal disease extends to involve the bone. The septae which normally separate one mastoid air cell from another are resorbed. This change is best appreciated on thin section bone-algorithm through the temporal ...
Article
Mastoid bowl
A mastoid bowl or mastoid cavity refers to a post surgical cavity that is created from the resection of mastoid air cells and intervening septae, usually during complex mastoidectomies such as canal wall up or canal wall down mastoidectomies, or other surgeries such as cochlear implantations. Th...
Article
Mastoid foramen
The mastoid foramen is a variably-present foramen as well as being variable in its size, number and position. Most commonly, it is located near the posterior margin of the mastoid process, within the temporo-occipital suture.
Epidemiology
According one publication the prevalence was as follows...
Article
Mastoid fontanelle
The mastoid or posterolateral fontanelles are paired bilateral soft membranous gaps (fontanelles) at the junction of the parietomastoid, occipitomastoid, and lambdoid sutures. Each mastoid fontanelle persists until the second year of life, after which it is known as the asterion. It can be used ...
Article
Mastoid canaliculus
The mastoid canaliculus (also known as Arnold's canal) arises from the pars vascularis of the foramen jugulare and runs to the mastoid segment of the facial nerve canal and contains Arnold nerve (auricular branch of vagus nerve).
History and etymology
Arnold's canal, and its corresponding ner...
Article
Mastoid air cells
The mastoid air cells (cellulae mastoideae) represent the pneumatization of the mastoid part of the temporal bone and are of variable size and extent.
Gross anatomy
At the superior and anterior part of the mastoid process the air cells are large and irregular and contain air, but toward the i...
Article
Mastoid emissary vein
Mastoid emissary veins (MEV) are a type of emissary veins representing small venous channels connecting the intracranial and extracranial venous systems.
They may have a right sided dominancy and usually run between the sigmoid sinus and posterior auricular or occipital vein by crossing the mas...
Article
Subperiosteal abscess of the mastoid
Subperiosteal abscess of the mastoid is one of the more frequent complications of acute otomastoiditis and results in coalescent mastoiditis extending through the external cortex of the mastoid sinus. This can occur in any direction:
postauricular: common as the bone is particularly thin ("Mace...
Article
Griesinger sign (mastoid)
The Griesinger sign refers to edema of the postauricular soft tissues overlying the mastoid process as a result of thrombosis of the mastoid emissary vein. It is a complication of acute otomastoiditis and may be associated with dural sinus occlusive disease (DSOD). It is said to be a pathognomon...
Article
Mastoid part of temporal bone
The mastoid part of the temporal bone is its posterior component. The inferior conical projection of the mastoid part is called the mastoid process.
Gross anatomy
An irregular cavity within the anterosuperior aspect of the bone is called the mastoid (or tympanic) antrum, which communicates wit...
Article
Mastoid air cell opacification
Mastoid air cell opacification can occur in a number of situations and can include a spectrum of inflammatory, neoplastic, vascular, fibro-osseous, and traumatic changes.
Possible causes include:
otomastoiditis
acute otomastoiditis
chronic otomastoiditis
radiation 3
trauma (temporal bone f...
Article
MacEwen triangle
The MacEwen triangle (also called the suprameatal triangle or mastoid fossa) is a surgical landmark on the surface of the temporal bone just superior to the external auditory canal used to locate the level of the mastoid antrum.
Three lines form the triangle:
superior: inferior temporal line/s...
Article
Battle sign (base of skull fracture)
Battle sign is an eponymous term given to mastoid ecchymosis (bruising of the scalp overlying the mastoid process) and is strongly suggestive of a base of skull fracture, most commonly a petrous temporal bone fracture.
History and etymology
Mr William Henry Battle (1855-1936) was an English s...
Article
Arnold's nerve
Arnold's nerve, also known as the auricular branch or mastoid branch, of the vagus nerve (CN X) is a small sensory nerve supplying the skin of the external acoustic meatus.
Terminology
The greater occipital nerve has also been known in the past - confusingly - as the nerve of Arnold.
The use...
Article
Facial nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh (CN VII) cranial nerve and comprises two roots, a motor root and a smaller mixed sensory, taste and parasympathetic root, known as nervus intermedius, which join together within the temporal bone (TA: nervus facialis or nervus cranialis VII).
The facial nerve has...
Article
CSF otorrhea
CSF otorrhea is defined as leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space into the middle ear cavity or mastoid air cells and then out the ear via a perforation in the tympanic membrane or defect in the external ear.
Epidemiology
There are a number of underlying causes (see b...
Article
Mastoidectomy
Mastoidectomy is a fairly frequent procedure performed for a variety of temporal bone pathologies including mastoiditis and cholesteatoma. It involves removing part of the bony wall of the mastoid to aid in drainage and surgical excision.
Types of mastoidectomy
A number of procedures have been...
Article
Citelli abscess
Citelli abscesses are a suppurative complication of acute mastoiditis. The term may refer to extracranial abscesses in two different juxtamastoidal locations:
posterior to the mastoid involving/abutting the occipital bone
anteroinferior to the mastoid tip involving the digastric muscle or with...
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