103 results
Article
Osteoma
Osteomas are benign bone tumors that most commonly occur in the head. When occurring in the medullary cavity osteomas are called bone islands 5.
Terminology
Osteoma is the preferred terminology with ivory exostosis, parosteal osteoma, and maxillary/mandibular torus not recommended per the WHO ...
Article
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoid osteomas are benign bone-forming tumors that typically occur in children (particularly adolescents). They have a characteristic lucent nidus <1.5 or 2 cm and surrounding osteosclerotic reaction, which classically causes night pain that is relieved by the use of NSAIDs.
Epidemiology
Ost...
Article
Choroidal osteoma
Choroidal osteomas are rare benign calcific masses of the globe.
Epidemiology
Choroidal osteomas are typically found in young Caucasian women 1. A number of familial cases have been reported 3.
Clinical presentation
These lesions are usually unilateral (75%), and result in painless and gra...
Article
Osteoma cutis
Osteoma cutis, or cutaneous ossification, is the formation of bone within the skin.
Clinical presentation
Primary osteoma cutis is an idiopathic, benign, non-invasive condition that is usually asymptomatic 1. It is often detected incidentally radiographically, most commonly in facial and scalp...
Article
Dural osteoma
Dural osteomas are a cause of focal intracranial calcification (colloquially known as "brain stones"). They are difficult to differentiate from ossified "burnt out" meningiomas and ossification of the falx. Some reports are actually contradictory 1,4, suggesting that at least some lesions have b...
Article
Paranasal sinus osteoma
Paranasal sinus osteomas are common benign tumors, usually found incidentally.
For a general discussion, please see the main osteoma article.
Epidemiology
Osteomas are commonly found in patients undergoing imaging of the sinuses, appearing in up to 3% of CT examinations of the paranasal sinus...
Article
Skull vault osteoma
Skull vault osteomas are benign primary bone tumors that are commonly incidentally discovered. They are less common than paranasal sinus or mandibular osteomas.
Clinical presentation
Skull vault osteomas are typically asymptomatic but may present as painless, slow-growing masses or with compr...
Article
External auditory canal osteoma
External auditory canal osteomas are rare focal pedunculated bony overgrowths of the osseous external auditory canal.
Radiographic features
solitary pedunculated bony overgrowth of the external auditory canal usually at the bony cartilaginous junction
unilateral
large lesions may be associat...
Article
Double density sign (osteoid osteoma)
The double density sign, also sometimes clumsily referred to as the hotter spot within hot area sign, is a bone scan sign of an osteoid osteoma.
It refers to a central focus of intense uptake (the nidus) within a surrounding lower, but nonetheless increased uptake, rim.
See also
double densit...
Article
Osteoblastoma
Osteoblastomas are rare bone-forming tumors that may be locally aggressive. Compared to their histological relative, the osteoid osteoma, they are larger (>2 cm) and more frequently affect the axial skeleton 1.
Osteoblastoma accounts for the 'O' in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions F...
Article
Cementoblastoma
Cementoblastomas are one of many mandibular lesions. It is a rare tumor of the cementum, with only approximately 100 cases reported. The key to diagnosis, both radiologically and histologically, is an attachment to the tooth root.
Terminology
Cementoblastomas have been previously described in...
Article
Half-moon sign (femoral neck)
The half-moon sign describes the morphology of bone marrow edema at the femoral neck on fluid-sensitive MRI sequences, which can be seen in osteoid osteoma or stress fractures 1-3.
Differential diagnosis
intra-articular osteoid osteoma
in patients without a history of overuse, it is highly s...
Article
Bone island
Bone islands, previously known as enostoses, are common benign sclerotic bone lesions that usually represent an incidental finding. When occurring in the head they are called osteomas. Bone islands are considered one of the skeletal “don’t touch” lesions.
Terminology
Enostosis is not a recomme...
Article
Cortical bone
The outer shell of compact bone is called cortical bone or cortex. It is formed by compact bone which is one of the two macroscopic forms of bone, the other being cancellous bone.
Gross anatomy
Cortical bone contains Haversian systems (osteons) which contain a central Haversian canal surround...
Article
Musculoskeletal curriculum
The musculoskeletal curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core of musculoskeletal knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments, but excluding the skeletal structures of the head.
Anat...
Article
Bone-forming tumors
Bone-forming tumors are a subset of bone tumors that are characterized by their propensity to form excess osteoid. They can be further subdivided into benign and malignant tumors.
Benign tumors
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
bone island
osteopoikilosis
osteoma
ossifying fibroma 1
Malignan...
Article
Primary bone tumors of the spine
The most common tumor of the spine is metastatic deposits. A number of both benign and malignant tumors may arise primarily from the spine.
Benign
osteoma
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
osteochondroma
giant cell tumor
aneurysmal bone cyst
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
hemangioma
Maligna...
Article
Osteoid lesions
The differential diagnosis for osteoid lesions includes:
bone island
associations: osteopoikilosis, osteopathia striata, melorheostosis
osteoma
osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
osteosarcoma
See also
cartilaginous lesions
fibrous lesions
Article
Sclerotic bone metastases
Sclerotic or osteoblastic bone metastases are distant tumor deposits of a primary tumor within bone characterized by new bone deposition or new bone formation.
Epidemiology
Bone metastases are the most common bone malignancy, with sclerotic bone metastases being less common than lytic bone met...
Article
WHO classification of head and neck tumors
The World Health Organizatiοn (WHO) classification of head and neck tumors is the most widely used pathologic classification system for such disorders. The current revision, part of the 4th edition of the WHO series, was published in 2017 and is reflected in the article below 1.
Classification
...
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