Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,879 results found
Article
CASK related disorders
CASK related disorders are caused by mutations of the CASK gene and have a wide phenotypic spectrum, with a typically more disabling phenotype in females.
Clinical presentation
In males there may be intellectual disability and congenital nystagmus. In females there may only be intellectual di...
Article
Sanjad Sakati syndrome
Sanjad Sakati syndrome, also known as hypoparathyroidism-intellectual disability-dysmorphism syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder.
Epidemiology
The syndrome is almost exclusively found in people of Arab origin. There is an equal distribution in both sexes.
Clinical presentation
h...
Article
Hypovitaminosis A
Hypovitaminosis A results from inadequate intake of vitamin A, fat malabsorption, or liver disorders and produces a variety of epithelial alterations.
Epidemiology
The World Health Organizatiοn currently estimates that 45-122 countries have a vitamin A deficiency of public health significance ...
Article
Optic neuropathy
Optic neuropathy is a broad term and can result from a variety of causes.
Pathology
genetic
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
compression or trauma (traumatic optic neuropathy)
optic nerve sheath meningioma
progressive diaphyseal dysplasia
thyroid-associated orbitopathy
shear injury
sku...
Article
Giant colonic diverticulum
Giant colonic diverticula, also referred to as giant colonic pseudodiverticula, are an uncommon presentation of colonic diverticulosis and are characterized by large diverticular masses, usually filled with stool and gas, that communicate with the colonic lumen.
Terminology
Although the great ...
Article
Units of measurement
For units of measurement the use of SI units (both base and derived units) in articles and cases on Radiopaedia.org is preferred. This is in line with best scientific practice and helps maintain consistency across the site.
Terminology
By scientific convention:
for eponymous units, the full n...
Article
Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis
Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis are acquired false diverticula resulting from herniation of epithelium through the muscularis layer of the ureter and characterized by the presence of multiple outpouchings smaller than 5 mm. It is sometimes bilateral and is often located in the upper two-thirds of ...
Article
Aspergilloma
Aspergillomas are mass-like fungus balls (mycetomas) typically composed of Aspergillus fumigatus and are a non-invasive form of pulmonary aspergillosis. They usually fall under the subgroup chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
Epidemiology
Aspergillomas occur in patients with normal immune status ...
Article
Transient physiological myometrial contraction
Transient myometrial contraction is a physiological phenomenon which may mimic focal adenomyosis
Radiographic features
It appears as focal low signal intensity bulge/region of the myometrium which may disappear on subsequent images or at cine MR imaging.
Differential diagnosis
focal adenom...
Article
Acute cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis refers to the acute inflammation of the gallbladder. It is the primary complication of cholelithiasis and the most common cause of acute pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ).
Epidemiology
Acute cholecystitis is a common cause of hospital admission and is responsible for a...
Article
Honeycombing (lungs)
Honeycombing is a CT imaging descriptor referring to clustered cystic air spaces (between 3 and 10 mm in diameter, but occasionally as large as 2.5 cm) that are usually subpleural, peripheral, and basal in distribution. They can be subdivided into:
microcystic honeycombing
macrocystic honeycom...
Article
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis (plural: spondylolistheses) denotes the slippage of one vertebra relative to the one below.
Terminology
Although etymologically, it is directionless (see below) and could be applied to both anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis, in practice, spondylolisthesis is used synonymous...
Article
Focal hypodense hepatic lesions on non-enhanced CT (differential)
Focal hypodense hepatic lesions on a non-contrast CT scan can result from a number of pathological entities, including:
neoplasms
benign
hepatic hemangioma
adenoma
biliary hamartoma: von Meyenberg complexes 2
malignant
hepatoma / hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
hepatic lymphoma
hepatic a...
Article
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, previously known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, represents a group of immune-mediated pulmonary disorders characterized by an inflammatory and/or fibrotic reaction affecting the lung parenchyma and small airways.
Its diagnosis relies on a constellation of findin...
Article
Small for dates fetus
A small for dates fetus can result from a number of factors.
Pathology
Etiology
Fetal factors
aneuploidy
trisomy
triploidy
skeletal dysplasia(s)
structural anomalies (syndromes)
Maternal factors
Common
hypertension
medication(s):
fetal Warfarin syndrome
hydantoin embryopathy (Dilan...
Article
Meyerding classification of spondylolisthesis
The Meyerding classification of spondylolisthesis grades the severity of the slip.
Usage
This classification was originally developed for anterolistheses but can be adapted for retrolistheses, and some publications have done so 3.
Classification
To determine the grade of spondylolisthesis us...
Article
Osteopoikilosis
Osteopoikilosis is a sclerosing bony dysplasia characterized by multiple bone islands. It is a rare inherited benign condition incidentally found on skeletal radiographs. Its importance is predominantly in correct diagnosis so that it is not mistaken for pathology.
Epidemiology
The bone island...
Article
Hepatic peliosis
Hepatic peliosis is a rare benign vascular condition characterized by dilatation of sinusoidal blood-filled spaces within the liver. There may be involvement of other organs, most commonly the spleen and bone marrow. It can be seen in a variety of settings and is important as appearances may mim...
Article
Penetrating traumatic neck injury
Penetrating traumatic neck injury can be a potentially devastating injury due to the high density of crucial anatomical structures within the neck.
Epidemiology
Young males are highly represented in patients with a traumatic neck injury. In one study, 11:1 ratio of males to females were ident...
Article
Focal cerebral arteriopathy of childhood
Focal cerebral arteriopathy of childhood (FCA), also known as transient cerebral arteriopathy (TCA), is characteristically an acute monophasic disease, with unilateral stenosis of the distal internal carotid artery and/or the proximal middle/anterior cerebral arteries, causing infarction in the ...
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