Items tagged “cases”
5,550 results
Article
Transverse colon
The transverse colon is the longest and most mobile part of the large intestine. It measures up to 45 cm in length.
Gross anatomy
The transverse colon is the continuation of the ascending colon from the right colic flexure. It passes from the right to left hypochondrium in a downward convex p...
Article
Omentum
An omentum is a double layer of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to another viscus:
the greater omentum hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach like an apron
the lesser omentum attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver superiorly
Gross anatomy
Greater omentum
The...
Article
Ileum
The ileum (plural: ilea) is the final part of the small intestine, following the duodenum and jejunum.
Terminology
The ileum is not to be confused with the ilium - the associated plural/adjectival forms are ilea/ileal and ilia/ilial respectively. The plural form "ileums" is seen but is general...
Article
Aortic hiatus
The aortic hiatus is one of the three major apertures through the diaphragm and lies at the level of T12. Strictly speaking, it is not a real aperture in the diaphragm, but an osseoaponeurotic opening between it and the vertebral column.
The hiatus is situated slightly to the left of the midli...
Article
Incisive canal cyst
Incisive canal cysts, also known as nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDC), are developmental, non-neoplastic cysts arising from degeneration of nasopalatine ducts. These ducts usually regress in fetal life. The persistence of ductal epithelium leads to formation of cyst.
It is considered the most comm...
Article
Lesser diaphragmatic apertures
The lesser diaphragmatic apertures allow the passage of smaller structures from the thoracic cavity to abdominal cavity across the diaphragm. They are very much smaller than the other diaphragmatic apertures:
two in the right crus of the diaphragm: transmit greater and lesser right splanchnic n...
Article
Pons
The pons (TA: pons; plural: pontes 3), a.k.a. pons Varolii, is the middle portion of the three contiguous parts of the brainstem, sitting above the medulla and below the midbrain. It acts as a relay between the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres.
Gross anatomy
The pons has a bulbous shape an...
Article
Pineal gland
The pineal gland is a small unpaired pine-cone shaped endocrine organ considered to be part of the epithalamus. It is situated in the midline anterior to the quadrigeminal cistern and secrete melatonin hence regulates the circadian cycle.
Gross anatomy
The pineal gland typically measures arou...
Article
Quadrigeminal cistern
The quadrigeminal cistern (also known as superior cistern or cistern of the great cerebral vein) is one of the CSF-filled subarachnoid cisterns.
Boundaries
The boundaries of the quadrigeminal cistern are as follows 2:
anterior: quadrigeminal plate of the midbrain (or colliculi)
posterior: t...
Article
Hereditary connective tissue disease
Hereditary connective tissue diseases are a group of connective tissue diseases with a degree of inheritance risk:
Marfan syndrome: genetic disease causing abnormal fibrillin
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: progressive deterioration of collagen and affects joints, heart valves, organ walls, arterial w...
Article
Carotid bifurcation
The carotid bifurcation is the point at which the common carotid artery terminates. As it does so, it forms the internal and external carotid arteries which go on to supply the head and neck.
The height of the carotid bifurcation is noted to be highly variable in the literature. Most frequently...
Article
Carotid body
The carotid body is located within the neck, and in close proximity to the carotid bifurcation. It is composed of a number of chemoreceptor cells and supporting matrix and detects changes in the composition of blood in the common carotid as it forms the internal and external carotid arteries.
I...
Article
Superior thyroid artery
The superior thyroid artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and supplies the larynx and thyroid gland.
Summary
origin: branch of the external carotid artery at the level of the hyoid bone
branches
hyoid artery
sterncocleidomastoid branches
superior laryngeal artery
cricothyroid...
Article
Superior laryngeal artery
The superior laryngeal artery accompanies the internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, beneath the thyrohyoid muscle.
It pierces the thyrohyoid membrane, and supplies the muscles, mucous membrane, and glands of the larynx, anastomosing with the branch from the opposite side.
...
Article
Ascending pharyngeal artery
The ascending pharyngeal artery, the smallest branch of the external carotid artery, is a long, slender vessel, deeply seated in the neck, beneath the other branches of the external carotid and under the stylopharyngeus.
Summary
origin: a branch of the external carotid artery
course: vertical...
Article
Lingual artery
The lingual artery is one of the branches of the external carotid artery and supplies the oral floor and tongue.
Summary
origin: branch of the external carotid artery at the level of the C3
course: towards hyoid bone, then loops down towards the tongue
branches: branches to the posterior ton...
Article
Facial artery
The facial artery is one of the external carotid artery branches and supplies blood to the structures of the face.
Summary
origin: branch of the external carotid artery a little above the level of the lingual artery, in the carotid triangle of the neck
course: passes deep to the posterior bel...
Article
Posterior auricular artery
The posterior auricular artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and supplies scalp posterior to the auricle and the auricle itself.
Summary
origin: branch of the external carotid artery above digastric and stylohyoid opposite the styloid process
course: ascends beneath the parotid t...
Article
Artery of Percheron
The artery of Percheron is a variant of the posterior cerebral circulation characterized by a solitary arterial trunk that supplies blood to the paramedian thalami and the rostral midbrain bilaterally. From the original classification of arterial patterns at the origin of the paramedian arteries...
Article
Coloboma
Coloboma is a collective term encompassing any focal discontinuity in the structure of the eye and should not be confused with staphylomas which are due to choroidal thinning.
Terminology
While coloboma is the collective term for any focal discontinuity in the eye's structure, many people use...
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