Items tagged “snippet”

The doge cap sign, also referred to as Morison pouch sign, is a radiographic sign of pneumoperitoneum. It presents as a triangular-shaped (although may also be crescentic or semicircular) gas lucency, usually bound by the 11th rib in the right upper quadrant on abdominal radiographs due to air i...

The intervertebral foramina allow passage of structures out of and into the vertebral canal. Gross anatomy Boundaries anterior: lower posterolateral aspect of a vertebral body and the intervertebral disc below, in the thoracic and lumbar regions. in the cervical region a portion of the verte...

The pilon fracture of the hand is a comminuted, intraarticular fracture involving a proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand. The fracture is generally reported to involve the more ulnar digits and the pattern is considered unstable with case reports documenting poor outcomes.  Pathology The...

Anti-Jo-1 antibody positive interstitial lung disease refer to cases of interstitial lung disease occurring in the setting on anti-Jo-1 antibody positivity. Pathology Anti-Jo-1 antibody positivity has a recognized association with interstitial lung disease. This most commonly occurs in a setti...

Anti-Jo-1 antibody positive interstitial lung disease refer to cases of interstitial lung disease occurring in the setting on anti-Jo-1 antibody positivity. Pathology Anti-Jo-1 antibody positivity has a recognized association with interstitial lung disease. This most commonly occurs in a setti...

Bridging of the sella turcica is the fusion of the anterior and posterior clinoid processes. Epidemiology The prevalence of a sella turcica bridge in a healthy population is estimated to be ~4% (range 1.75-6 %) in anatomical and radiographic studies. Pathology It has been reported to occur i...

Interpectoral lymph nodes, also known as Rotter lymph nodes, are located in the interpectoral fascia in Rotter space, between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. Their number varies from one to four. They are usually considered to be a separate nodal group from the level I and II ...

The CT chest (non-contrast) protocol serves as an outline for the acquisition of a chest CT without the use of an intravenous contrast medium. Note: This article aims to frame a general concept of a CT protocol for the assessment of the chest. Protocol specifics will vary depending on CT scanne...

Hildreth sign describes pain relief with application of a proximal tourniquet in patients with a glomus tumor 1. The rationale is that ischemia will decrease the size of the tumor, as these tumors are highly vascular. The sign is reportedly very sensitive and specific for glomus tumor, with a se...

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injections under image guidance ensure precise delivery of an injectate into the joint.  Ultrasound allows for real time visualization of the needle and administration of the injectate. Fluoroscopy is an alternative method of image guidance. Indications pain - art...

Cinematic rendering is a novel 3D rendering algorithm that produces a more photorealistic representation of 3D images with enhanced depth and shape perception than achieved with standard volume rendering (VR) 1. It was developed by Siemens Healthineer 2. It is not currently approved for clinical...

The lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) of the elbow is a primary stabilizer of the elbow joint to varus and external rotatory stress 1-6. Gross anatomy It is a part of the lateral (radial) collateral ligament complex and located at the posterolateral aspects of the elbow joint. It takes ...

Trochlear dysplasia refers to a dysplastic deformity of the femoral trochlea and is a known risk factor for patellofemoral instability. Epidemiology The reported prevalence of trochlear dysplasia in recurrent patellar dislocations is up to 85% 1. The latter is most common in the adolescent age...

The double anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sign describes a curvilinear, low signal intensity bandlike structure paralleling the anterior cruciate ligament 1-3 and is of rare occurrence 1.   It can be seen in bucket handle meniscal tears from either the medial or lateral meniscus 1-3. Dependin...

Quadriceps (anterior suprapatellar) fat pad impingement syndrome is a rare cause of anterior knee pain although quadriceps fat pad edema may often, and possibly more commonly, be incidental 1,2.  Radiographics features MRI The quadriceps fat pad is enlarged with mass effect on the adjacent su...

Intra-articular fragments are a form of intra-articular bodies that result from traumatic injuries such as fractures, dislocations and chondral injury. Clinical presentation Symptoms are variable and also depend on the underlying cause and extent of the injury, but usual complaints are pain, l...

The Z line in the esophagus is the term for a faint zig-zag impression at the gastro-esophageal junction that demarcates the transition between the stratified squamous epithelium in the esophagus and the intestinal epithelium of the gastric cardia (the squamocolumnar junction). The Z line is a ...

The germinal matrix is an embryological structure in the fetal brain which is only seen in the fetus and in premature neonates. It is the most vulnerable area of the fetal brain and associated pathology carries significant mortality and morbidity.  Gross anatomy  The germinal matrix is usually...

Mediastinitis by definition refers to inflammation of the connective tissues and fat within the mediastinum.  In clinical practice; mediastinitis is generally used to refer to acute mediastinitis, resulting from bacterial infection within the mediastinum. This is considered a serious and potent...

The Reynolds number (Re) is the primary parameter used to define the transition of fluid motion between laminar and turbulent flow patterns 1. The Reynolds number represents the ratio of inertia forces to viscous forces, and as such has no units (i.e. is a dimensionless quantity) 1.  Calculatio...