Items tagged “stub”
1,316 results
Article
Irregular gestational sac
An irregular gestational sac as the name suggests is a gestational sac which does not have the well defined, regular borders of a normal gestational sac. It is an imaging feature related to a non-viable pregnancy.
See also
irregular yolk sac
anembryonic pregnancy
Article
Irregular yolk sac
An irregular yolk sac or an abnormally shaped yolk sac is an imaging feature that can be observed in early pregnancy scanning. It may be seen in up to 17% of early pregnancy scans 1. In contrast to an irregular gestational sac, the observation of an irregular yolk sac in not thought to correlate...
Article
Complete placenta previa
A complete placenta previa, also known as a type IV placenta previa, is the most severe in terms of the placenta previa spectrum. It is also the least likely to resolve with advancing gestation if detected in early pregnancy 1,3.
Pathology
In this situation, the placenta entirely covers the in...
Article
Fetal anasarca
Fetal anasarca refers to generalized fetal body edema and usually occurs as a component of hydrops fetalis. The fetal subcutaneous tissues appear diffusely thickened often to more than 5 mm.
Pathology
It occurs from a fluid shift from the intravascular compartment into the interstitial extrav...
Article
Carotid pacemaker
Carotid pacemakers, also known as implantable carotid sinus stimulators, are devices that deliver activation energy, via carotid leads, to the carotid baroreceptors. This is sometimes offered for drug-resistant hypertension. The baroreceptors send signals to the brain and the signals are interpr...
Article
Fetal pole
The fetal pole is the first direct imaging manifestation of the fetus and is seen as a thickening on the margin of the yolk sac during early pregnancy. It is often used synonymously with the term "embryo".
The fetal pole is usually identified at ~6.5 weeks with transabdominal ultrasound imaging...
Article
Cleft palate
Cleft palate is a type of facial cleft. It can occur in two main etiologically different forms:
in association with a cleft lip: cleft lip +/- palate (much commoner)
on its own: isolated cleft palate (rarer)
Article
Lethal skeletal dysplasias
Lethal skeletal dysplasias form a heterogeneous group that is commonly characterized as being non-survivable for prolonged periods ex-utero. They include (in alphabetical order):
achondrogenesis
atelosteogenesis
campomelic dysplasia
chondrodysplasia punctata: lethal variants
metatropic dys...
Article
Focal fibrosis of the breast
Focal fibrosis of the breast (FFB) is a benign entity characterized by abundant connective tissue separating intervening ducts and lobules, which are often atrophic. There is obliteration of the mammary acini and ducts by hypocellular fibrous tissue which results in a localized area of fibrous t...
Article
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary
Undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary is a rare type of ovarian epithelial tumor. They account for ~ 4% of ovarian cancer 2.
Pathology
With these tumors, cellular differentiation is not sufficient for the tumor to be categorized into serous, mucinous or other specified subtypes. Pure undiffe...
Article
Placental trophotropism
Placental trophotropism refers to a phenomenon where there is a dynamic migration of the placenta at its insertion through gestation. The placenta tends to grow in areas of good blood supply and nutrition and atrophies in areas with poor blood supply and poor nutrition. It may play a role in the...
Article
Hypocoiled umbilical cord
A hypocoiled umbilical cord is an umbilical cord with less than normal coiling. This is normally estimated by a low umbilical cord coiling index (usually less than 0.2 2).
Associations
single umbilical artery
abnormal cord insertion(s)
See also
non coiled umbilical cord
Article
Placental surface cyst
Placental surface cysts are often related to cystic change in an area of subchorionic fibrin. They can be variable in size.
Pathology
Subtypes
subchorionic cyst: commonest type 2
amniotic epithelial inclusion cyst
Treatment and prognosis
Most placental surface cysts are associated with a n...
Article
Subchorionic cyst
Subchorionic cysts are often considered a subtype of placental surface cyst (commonest type). They are often multiple and may be present in ~5-7% of term placentas 2. Occasionally they can compress chorionic or amniotic vessels leading to adverse fetal outcome.
Article
Uterine duplication anomalies
Uterine duplication anomalies are a group of Müllerian duct anomalies where fusion of the Müllerian duct associated structures fail to some degree:
uterus didelphys: class III
bicornuate uterus: class IV (second commonest duplication anomaly)
septate uterus: class V (commonest duplication ano...
Article
Hydrometra
Hydrometra is a descriptive term that refers to a distended uterus filled with clear, non-infected fluid.
See also
hematometra
pyometra
hydrometrocolpos
hydrocolpos
endometrial fluid
Article
Arc of Barkow
The arc of Barkow is formed by the anastomosis of the right gastroepiploic (a branch of the gastroduodenal artery) and left gastroepiploic (a branch of the splenic artery) arteries.
The arc of Barkow supplies the transverse colon via multiple ascending branches.
Article
Fallopian tube spasm
Fallopian tube spasm is a transient functional anomaly that can mimic a true mechanical tubal occlusion. At radiography, tubal spasm cannot be distinguished from a tubal occlusion. Administration of spasmolytic agents such as glucagon can occasionally result in uterine muscle relaxation and cons...
Article
Agenesis of the diaphragm
Agenesis of the diaphragm is a congenital diaphragmatic developmental anomaly where all or part of diaphragm fails to form. It can sometimes be thought of as an extreme form congenital diaphragmatic herniation 1.
Pathology
The agenesis can either be unilateral or bilateral. Herniation of abdom...
Article
Hyperechoic myometrial foci
Hyperechoic myometrial foci are sonographic observation where the myometrium contains numerous bright echogenic foci.
They can be observed in very different situations and the clinical context is vital in their interpretation.
Pathology
Recognized causes include
intra-myometrial air:
due to...
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