Duodenitis is a term given to inflammation of the duodenum.
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Pathology
Etiology
Duodenitis can result from both intrinsic processes within the duodenum as well as from processes occurring outside the duodenum. It can occur from infective as well as non-infective inflammatory processes.
Infective
Helicobacter pylori: this has shown a near-universal relationship (>90%) with duodenal ulcers, an association with duodenitis remains unproven
Non-infective inflammatory
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secondary involvement from
pancreatitis: considered most common 1
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Crohn disease: duodenal involvement in 0.5-4% of cases
primary involvement: ulcer, stricture
secondary involvement: enteric fistula
duodenal ulcers: occur most frequently in the duodenal bulb
post-radiation therapy
Others
alcohol
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gastric hypersecretion
ectopic gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
Radiographic features
Findings include thickening of folds (if present, they are almost always found proximal to the ampulla of Vater), nodules or nodular folds, and erosions. Deformity of the duodenal bulb also may be seen.
Differential diagnosis
Brunner gland hyperplasia: the main consideration but a rare disorder