Enophthalmos
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Enophthalmos refers tothe posterior displacement of the globe in the orbit. It implies that the globe itself is normal and is caused by either one or a combination of 1:
- structural alterations in the bony orbit
- orbital fat atrophy
- retraction
Specific causes include 2:
- orbital blowout fracture: most common
- silent sinus syndrome
- orbital metastasis: breast most commonly produces a desmoplastic response leading to retraction
- maxillary mucocoele
- orbital varix: paradoxically causes posterior displacement of the globe when the varix empties
- congenital
Exophthalmos (or proptosis) is the opposite, displacement of the globe anteriorly.
-<p><strong>Enophthalmos </strong>refers to<strong> </strong>posterior displacement of the globe in the orbit.</p>- +<p><strong>Enophthalmos </strong>refers to<strong> </strong>the posterior displacement of the globe in the orbit. It implies that the globe itself is normal and is caused by either one or a combination of <sup>1</sup>:</p><ul>
- +<li>structural alterations in the bony orbit</li>
- +<li>orbital fat atrophy</li>
- +<li>retraction</li>
- +</ul><p>Specific causes include <sup>2</sup>:</p><ul>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/orbital-blow-out-fracture">orbital blowout fracture</a>: most common</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/silent-sinus-syndrome">silent sinus syndrome</a></li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/orbital-metastasis">orbital metastasis</a>: breast most commonly produces a desmoplastic response leading to retraction</li>
- +<li>maxillary <a href="/articles/mucocoele">mucocoele</a>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/orbital-venous-varix">orbital varix</a>: paradoxically causes posterior displacement of the globe when the varix empties</li>
- +<li>congenital</li>
- +</ul><p><a title="Exophthalmos" href="/articles/proptosis-1">Exophthalmos</a> (or proptosis) is the opposite, displacement of the globe <strong>anteriorly</strong>.</p>
References changed:
- 1. Athanasiov PA, Prabhakaran VC, Selva D. Non-traumatic enophthalmos: a review. Acta Ophthalmol. 2008;86 (4): 356-64. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01152.x">doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01152.x</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462475">Pubmed citation</a><span class="auto"></span>
- 2. Hamedani M, Pournaras JA, Goldblum D. Diagnosis and management of enophthalmos. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52 (5): 457-73. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.06.009">doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2007.06.009</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17719369">Pubmed citation</a><span class="auto"></span>
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