Knee joint
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
The knee joint is a modified hinge joint between the femur, tibia and patella. It is the largest synovial joint in the body; and allows flexion and extension of the leglower limb as well as some rotation in the flexed position.
Summary
-
location
- two: two condylar joints between femur and tibia; saddle joint between patella and femur -
blood supply
-: main supply are the genicular branches of thepolitealpopliteal artery -
nerve supply
-: branches from the femoral, tibial, common peroneal and obturator nerves -
movement
- flexion: flexion to 150 degrees, extension to 5-10 degrees hyperextension,; rotation whilst in the flexed position to 10 degrees actively and 60 degrees passively
Gross Anatomy
Articulations
Two condylar joints between the femur and tibia:
- medially
-: between a narrow and curved femoral condyle, and an oval tibial articular surface with a long anteroposterior length - laterally
-: between a wide and flat femoral condyle; and a circular tibial articular surface - the knee menisci are shaped accordingly
Saddle joint between between the patella and femoral condyles:
- the patella is divided into lateral, middle and medial areas by ridges
- in extension
-: the lateral patella surface articulates with the lateral femoral condyle - in flexion
-: the medial patella surface articulates with the medial femoral condyle and the middle patella surface faces the intercondylar notch
Attachments
-
Ligamentsligaments Kneeknee menisci-
Kneeknee capsule -
Kneeknee synovial membrane
Relations
-
Kneeknee bursae
Blood Supply
The knee is supplied by anastamoses of:
- five genicular branches of the popliteal artery (main supply)
- descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery
- descending genicular branch of the femoral artery
- circumflex fibular branches of the posterior tibial artery
- anterior and posterior recurrent branches of the anterior tibial artery
-<p>The <strong>knee joint </strong>is a modified hinge joint between the femur, tibia and patella. It is the largest synovial joint in the body; and allows flexion and extension of the leg as well as some rotation in the flexed position.</p><h4>Summary</h4><ul>- +<p>The <strong>knee joint </strong>is a modified hinge joint between the <a title="Femur" href="/articles/femur">femur</a>, <a title="tibia" href="/articles/tibia">tibia</a> and <a title="patella" href="/articles/patella">patella</a>. It is the largest synovial joint in the body and allows flexion and extension of the lower limb as well as some rotation in the flexed position.</p><h4>Summary</h4><ul>
-<strong>location</strong> - two condylar joints between femur and tibia; saddle joint between patella and femur</li>- +<strong>location</strong>: two condylar joints between femur and tibia; saddle joint between patella and femur</li>
-<strong>blood supply</strong> - main supply are the genicular branches of the politeal artery</li>- +<strong>blood supply</strong>: main supply are the genicular branches of the <a title="Popliteal artery" href="/articles/popliteal-artery">popliteal artery</a>
- +</li>
-<strong>nerve supply</strong> - branches from the femoral, tibial, common peroneal and obturator nerves</li>- +<strong>nerve supply</strong>: branches from the femoral, tibial, common peroneal and obturator nerves</li>
-<strong>movement</strong> - flexion to 150 degrees, extension to 5-10 degrees hyperextension, rotation whilst in the flexed position to 10 degrees actively and 60 degrees passively </li>- +<strong>movement</strong>: flexion to 150 degrees, extension to 5-10 degrees hyperextension; rotation whilst in the flexed position to 10 degrees actively and 60 degrees passively </li>
-<li>medially - between a narrow and curved femoral condyle, and an oval tibial articular surface with a long anteroposterior length</li>-<li>laterally - between a wide and flat femoral condyle; and a circular tibial articular surface</li>- +<li>medially: between a narrow and curved femoral condyle, and an oval tibial articular surface with a long anteroposterior length</li>
- +<li>laterally: between a wide and flat femoral condyle; and a circular tibial articular surface</li>
-<li>in extension - the lateral patella surface articulates with the lateral femoral condyle</li>-<li>in flexion - the medial patella surface articulates with the medial femoral condyle and the middle patella surface faces the intercondylar notch</li>- +<li>in extension: the lateral patella surface articulates with the lateral femoral condyle</li>
- +<li>in flexion: the medial patella surface articulates with the medial femoral condyle and the middle patella surface faces the intercondylar notch</li>
-<li>Ligaments<ul>-<li><a href="/articles/medial-collateral-ligament-of-the-knee">Medial collateral ligament</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/lateral-collateral-ligament-of-the-knee">Lateral collateral ligament</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/anterior-cruciate-ligament">Anterior cruciate ligament</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/posterior-cruciate-ligament">Posterior cruciate ligament</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/meniscofemoral-ligament">Meniscofemoral ligament</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/posterolateral-ligamentous-complex">Posterolateral ligamentous complex</a></li>- +<li>ligaments<ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/medial-collateral-ligament-of-the-knee">medial collateral ligament</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/lateral-collateral-ligament-of-the-knee">lateral collateral ligament</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/anterior-cruciate-ligament">anterior cruciate ligament</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/posterior-cruciate-ligament">posterior cruciate ligament</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/meniscofemoral-ligament">meniscofemoral ligament</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/posterolateral-ligamentous-complex">posterolateral ligamentous complex</a></li>
-<li><a href="/articles/knee-menisci">Knee menisci</a></li>-<li>Knee capsule</li>-<li>Knee synovial membrane</li>- +<li><a href="/articles/knee-menisci">knee menisci</a></li>
- +<li>knee capsule</li>
- +<li>knee synovial membrane</li>
-<li>Knee bursae</li>-<li><p><a title="Anterior knee fat pads" href="/articles/anterior-knee-fat-pads">Anterior knee fat pads</a></p></li>- +<li>knee bursae</li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/anterior-knee-fat-pads">anterior knee fat pads</a></p></li>
-<li>five genicular branches of the <a title="Popliteal artery" href="/articles/popliteal-artery">popliteal artery</a> (main supply)<ul>- +<li>five genicular branches of the <a href="/articles/popliteal-artery">popliteal artery</a> (main supply)<ul>
-<li>middle genicular artery - supplies the <a title="Anterior cruciate ligament" href="/articles/anterior-cruciate-ligament">anterior</a> and <a title="Posterior cruciate ligament" href="/articles/posterior-cruciate-ligament">posterior</a> cruciate ligaments </li>- +<li>middle genicular artery supplies the <a href="/articles/anterior-cruciate-ligament">anterior</a> and <a href="/articles/posterior-cruciate-ligament">posterior</a> cruciate ligaments </li>
-</ul><p> </p><p> </p>- +</ul>
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