Limbus vertebra
Updates to Article Attributes
Limbus vertebra is a well-corticated unfused secondary ossification centre, usually of the anterosuperior vertebral body corner, that occurs secondary to herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the vertebral body endplate beneath the ring apophysis (see ossification of the vertebrae). These are closely related to Schmorl nodes and should not be confused with limbus fractures or infection.
Epidemiology
Their formation occurs before the age of 18 years, but often they are seen in older adults.
Clinical presentation
Anterior limbus vertebrae are generally asymptomatic and are detected incidentally. Posterior limbus vertebrae are far less common but have been reported to cause nerve compression.
Radiographic features
Limbus vertebrae should be well-corticated, that is they have a sclerotic margin, are triangular in shape and occupy the expected location of a normal vertebral body corner, with a smooth sclerotic subjacent corticated vertebral margin. The 'fragment' of bone will not 'fit' into the adjacent bone as one would normally expect with a fracture and will often appear to be too small.
A limbus vertebra of the anterosuperior corner of a single vertebral body in the mid lumbar spine is the most common presentation. The antero-inferior and posteroinferior corners are seen far less frequently. Occasionally it may be seen in the thoracic spine.
Usually, radiography with or without CT or MRI is sufficient for diagnosis. Initially, the aetiology was confirmed with discography where contrast extends into the intra-osseous herniation of the nucleus pulposispulposus.
Differential diagnosis
Consider
- intercalary bone: ossification is in the anterior annular fibres of an intervertebral disc
- acute fractures: should have an adjacent perivertebral haematoma
- limbus fracture
- teardrop fracture (cervical spine)
- degenerative disease of the spine
- infection: adjacent cortical loss and soft tissue mass
-<p><strong>Limbus vertebra</strong> is a well-corticated unfused secondary ossification centre, usually of the anterosuperior vertebral body corner, that occurs secondary to herniation of the <a href="/articles/nucleus-pulposus">nucleus pulposus</a> through the <a href="/articles/vertebra">vertebral body endplate</a> beneath the ring apophysis (see <a href="/articles/ossification-centres-of-the-vertebral-column">ossification of the vertebrae</a>). These are closely related to <a href="/articles/schmorl-nodes-1">Schmorl nodes</a> and should not be confused with <a href="/articles/limbus-fracture-types">limbus fractures</a> or <a href="/articles/osteomyelitis">infection</a>.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Their formation occurs before the age of 18 years, but often they are seen in older adults.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Anterior limbus vertebrae are generally asymptomatic and are detected incidentally. Posterior limbus vertebrae are far less common but have been reported to cause nerve compression.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Limbus vertebrae should be well-corticated, that is they have a sclerotic margin, are triangular in shape and occupy the expected location of a normal vertebral body corner, with a smooth sclerotic subjacent corticated vertebral margin. The 'fragment' of bone will not 'fit' into the adjacent bone as one would normally expect with a fracture and will often appear to be too small.</p><p>A limbus vertebra of the anterosuperior corner of a single vertebral body in the mid lumbar spine is the most common presentation. The antero-inferior and posteroinferior corners are seen far less frequently. Occasionally it may be seen in the thoracic spine.</p><p>Usually, radiography with or without CT or MRI is sufficient for diagnosis. Initially, the aetiology was confirmed with discography where contrast extends into the intra-osseous herniation of the nucleus pulposis.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>Consider</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Limbus vertebra</strong> is a well-corticated unfused secondary ossification centre, usually of the anterosuperior vertebral body corner, that occurs secondary to herniation of the <a href="/articles/nucleus-pulposus">nucleus pulposus</a> through the <a href="/articles/vertebra">vertebral body endplate</a> beneath the ring apophysis (see <a href="/articles/ossification-centres-of-the-vertebral-column">ossification of the vertebrae</a>). These are closely related to <a href="/articles/schmorl-nodes-1">Schmorl nodes</a> and should not be confused with <a href="/articles/limbus-fracture-types">limbus fractures</a> or <a href="/articles/osteomyelitis">infection</a>.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Their formation occurs before the age of 18 years, but often they are seen in older adults.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Anterior limbus vertebrae are generally asymptomatic and are detected incidentally. Posterior limbus vertebrae are far less common but have been reported to cause nerve compression.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Limbus vertebrae should be well-corticated, that is they have a sclerotic margin, are triangular in shape and occupy the expected location of a normal vertebral body corner, with a smooth sclerotic subjacent corticated vertebral margin. The 'fragment' of bone will not 'fit' into the adjacent bone as one would normally expect with a fracture and will often appear to be too small.</p><p>A limbus vertebra of the anterosuperior corner of a single vertebral body in the mid lumbar spine is the most common presentation. The antero-inferior and posteroinferior corners are seen far less frequently. Occasionally it may be seen in the thoracic spine.</p><p>Usually, radiography with or without CT or MRI is sufficient for diagnosis. Initially, the aetiology was confirmed with discography where contrast extends into the intra-osseous herniation of the nucleus pulposus.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>Consider</p><ul>
-<li>acute fractures: should have adjacent perivertebral haematoma<ul>- +<li>acute fractures: should have an adjacent perivertebral haematoma<ul>
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