Myelomeningocele
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Myelomeningocoele, also known as spina bifida cystica, is a complex congenital spinal anomaly that results in spinal cord malformation (myelodysplasia).
Epidemiology
It is one of the commonest congenital CNS anomalies and thought to occur in approximately 1:500 of live births 5. There may be a slight female predilection.
Clinical presentation
Patients present with a lower limb paralysis and sensory loss, bladder and bowel dysfunction as well as cognitive impairment.
Pathology
Results from failure of fusion of neural folds dorsally during embryogenesis.
There is a localised defect of the closure of caudal neuropore with persistence of neural placode (open spinal cord).
Location
- lumbosacral: ~45%
- thoracolumbar: ~30%
- lumbar: ~20%
- cervical: ~2%
Risk factors
- in utero folate deficiency
- in utero teratogen exposure
Markers
Associations
- aneuploidic anomalies
- Chiari II malformation
- diastematomyelia
- syringomyelia
- arachnoid cysts 1
- hydrocephalus
- tethering of spinal cord
Radiographic features
Antenatal ultrasound
- may show evidence of an open neural tube defect with splayed or divergent posterior elements
-<p><strong>Myelomeningocoele</strong>, also known as <strong>spina bifida cystica</strong>, is a complex congenital spinal anomaly that results in spinal cord malformation (<a href="/articles/myelodysplasia">myelodysplasia</a>). </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>It is one of the commonest congenital CNS anomalies and thought to occur in approximately 1:500 of live births <sup>5</sup>. There may be a slight female predilection.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Patients present with a lower limb paralysis and sensory loss, bladder and bowel dysfunction as well as cognitive impairment.</p><h5> </h5><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Results from failure of fusion of neural folds dorsally during embryogenesis. </p><p>There is a localised defect of closure of caudal neuropore with persistence of neural placode (open spinal cord).</p><h5>Location</h5><ul>- +<p><strong>Myelomeningocoele</strong>, also known as <strong>spina bifida cystica</strong>, is a complex congenital spinal anomaly that results in spinal cord malformation (<a href="/articles/myelodysplasia">myelodysplasia</a>). </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>It is one of the commonest congenital CNS anomalies and thought to occur in approximately 1:500 of live births <sup>5</sup>. There may be a slight female predilection.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Patients present with a lower limb paralysis and sensory loss, bladder and bowel dysfunction as well as cognitive impairment.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Results from failure of fusion of neural folds dorsally during embryogenesis. </p><p>There is a localised defect of the closure of caudal neuropore with persistence of neural placode (open spinal cord).</p><h5>Location</h5><ul>
-</ul><h5>Markers</h5><ul><li><a href="/articles/afp-elevation">raised maternal alpha feto-protein (AFP)</a></li></ul><h5>Associations</h5><ul>- +</ul><h5>Markers</h5><ul><li><a href="/articles/afp-elevation">raised maternal alpha fetoprotein (AFP)</a></li></ul><h5>Associations</h5><ul>
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