Ovarian borderline serous cystadenoma
Updates to Article Attributes
Borderline ovarian serous cystadenomas lie in the intermediate range in the spectrum of ovarian serous tumours and represent approximately 15% of all serous tumours.
Epidemiology
They present at a younger age group 1-2 than the more malignant serous cystadenocarcinomas with a peak age of presentation of ~45 years of age 1.
Clinical presentation
The tumours are often clinically silent until they achieve an advanced size or stage. The most frequent initial manifestations were abdominal pain, increasing abdominal girth or distension, or as an abdominal mass 2.
Pathology
Borderline tumours fall under ovarian epithelial tumours. They tend to develop in an exophytic growth pattern, on the surface of the ovary, without invading the underlying stroma. Papillary projections are characteristic and may be more of a feature with borderline than malignant serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary.
A unique feature of borderline tumours is the non-invasive behaviour of extra-ovarian tumour implants in the advanced stages of the disease 2-3. Implants can occur in the contralateral ovary, omentum, and peritoneal surface in the advanced stages, although they behave in a benign fashion and remain located on the surface of the underlying tissues.
Markers
Serum CA-125 level is typically mildly elevated.
Radiographic features
General
Typically seen as bilateral adnexal masses with profuse papillary projections. Bilaterality occurs more frequently than with benign ovarian serous cystadenomas 1.
Serous borderline tumours may display aggressive behaviour, and occasionally present with peritoneal or nodal metastases.
Ultrasound
Doppler ultrasound
The rate of detection of intratumoral blood flow on Doppler ultrasound can be very similar to more malignant neoplasms 2.
Staging
Borderline tumours are staged using the same ovarian cancer staging as malignant ovarian neoplasms.
PrognosisTreatment and prognosis
Post surgical-surgical prognosis is better than for ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, even in the presence of transovarian spread 5.
Staging
Borderline tumours are staged using the same ovarian cancer staging as malignant ovarian neoplasms.
History and etymology
They were first described in 1929 and were designated for separate classification in the early 1970s by the World Health Organisation 2.
See also
-<p><strong>Borderline ovarian serous cystadenomas </strong>lie in the intermediate range in the spectrum of <a href="/articles/ovarian-serous-tumours">ovarian serous tumours</a> and represent approximately 15% of all serous tumours.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>They present at a younger age group <sup>1-2</sup> than the more malignant <a href="/articles/ovarian-serous-cystadenocarcinoma">serous cystadenocarcinomas</a> with a peak age of presentation of ~45 years of age <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>The tumours are often clinically silent until they achieve an advanced size or stage. The most frequent initial manifestations were abdominal pain, increasing abdominal girth or distension, or as an abdominal mass <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Borderline tumours fall under ovarian epithelial tumours. They tend to develop in an exophytic growth pattern, on the surface of the ovary, without invading the underlying stroma. Papillary projections are characteristic and may be more of a feature with borderline than malignant <a href="/articles/ovarian-serous-cystadenocarcinoma">serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary</a>.</p><p>A unique feature of borderline tumours is the non-invasive behaviour of extra-ovarian tumour implants in the advanced stages of the disease <sup>2-3</sup>. Implants can occur in the contralateral ovary, omentum, and peritoneal surface in the advanced stages, although they behave in a benign fashion and remain located on the surface of the underlying tissues.</p><h5>Markers</h5><p>Serum CA-125 level is typically mildly elevated.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>General</h5><p>Typically seen as bilateral adnexal masses with profuse papillary projections. Bilaterality occurs more frequently than with benign <a href="/articles/ovarian-serous-cystadenoma">ovarian serous cystadenomas</a> <sup>1</sup>.</p><p>Serous borderline tumours may display aggressive behaviour, and occasionally present with peritoneal or nodal metastases.</p><h5>Ultrasound</h5><h6>Doppler ultrasound</h6><p>The rate of detection of intratumoral blood flow on Doppler ultrasound can be very similar to more malignant neoplasms <sup>2</sup>.</p><h5>Staging</h5><p>Borderline tumours are staged using the same <a href="/articles/ovarian-cancer-staging-1">ovarian cancer staging</a> as malignant ovarian neoplasms.</p><h4>Prognosis</h4><p>Post surgical prognosis is better than for ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, even in the presence of transovarian spread <sup>5</sup>.</p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>They were first described in 1929 and were designated for separate classification in the early 1970s by the World Health Organisation <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/ovarian-tumours">ovarian tumours</a></li></ul>- +<p><strong>Borderline ovarian serous cystadenomas </strong>lie in the intermediate range in the spectrum of <a href="/articles/ovarian-serous-tumours">ovarian serous tumours</a> and represent approximately 15% of all serous tumours.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>They present at a younger age group <sup>1-2</sup> than the more malignant <a href="/articles/ovarian-serous-cystadenocarcinoma">serous cystadenocarcinomas</a> with a peak age of presentation of ~45 years of age <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>The tumours are often clinically silent until they achieve an advanced size or stage. The most frequent initial manifestations were abdominal pain, increasing abdominal girth or distension, or as an abdominal mass <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Borderline tumours fall under ovarian epithelial tumours. They tend to develop in an exophytic growth pattern, on the surface of the ovary, without invading the underlying stroma. Papillary projections are characteristic and may be more of a feature with borderline than malignant <a href="/articles/ovarian-serous-cystadenocarcinoma">serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary</a>.</p><p>A unique feature of borderline tumours is the non-invasive behaviour of extra-ovarian tumour implants in the advanced stages of the disease <sup>2-3</sup>. Implants can occur in the contralateral ovary, omentum, and peritoneal surface in the advanced stages, although they behave in a benign fashion and remain located on the surface of the underlying tissues.</p><h5>Markers</h5><p>Serum CA-125 level is typically mildly elevated.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Typically seen as bilateral adnexal masses with profuse papillary projections. Bilaterality occurs more frequently than with benign <a href="/articles/ovarian-serous-cystadenoma">ovarian serous cystadenomas</a> <sup>1</sup>.</p><p>Serous borderline tumours may display aggressive behaviour, and occasionally present with peritoneal or nodal metastases.</p><h5>Ultrasound</h5><p>The rate of detection of intratumoral blood flow on Doppler ultrasound can be very similar to more malignant neoplasms <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Post-surgical prognosis is better than for ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, even in the presence of transovarian spread <sup>5</sup>.</p><h5>Staging</h5><p>Borderline tumours are staged using the same <a href="/articles/ovarian-cancer-staging-1">ovarian cancer staging</a> as malignant ovarian neoplasms.</p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>They were first described in 1929 and were designated for separate classification in the early 1970s by the World Health Organisation <sup>2</sup>.</p>
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