Periosteal new bone formation in children

Periosteal reaction in the pediatric population, also known as periostitis in children, is relatively common occurrence and can result from many causes.

Differential diagnosis

The differential diagnosis for multiple bone periostitis includes but not limited to the following:

• physiological periostitis

• arthritides

  • juvenile idiopathic arthritis

  • reactive arthritis

• osteomyelitis

  • congenital, e.g. TORCH, syphilis

  • acquired 

• healing fractures 

  • non-accidental injuries

• prematurity

  • prostaglandin E for treatment of PDA dependent congenital heart diseases

  • metabolic disease of prematurity

• venous/lymphatic stasis

• hypervitaminosis A

• hypervitaminosis D

• Caffey's disease

• scurvy

• multifocal neoplasm 

  • metastatic neuroblastoma

  • Ewing sarcoma

  • osteosarcoma

• renal osteodystrophy

See also

• periosteal reaction