Articles
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Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (C)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter C and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
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Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is a broad descriptive term and is usually defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular compartments of the lung 1.
Clinical presentation
The clinical presentation of pulmonary edema includes:
acute breathlessness
orthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (...
Article
Celiac disease
Celiac disease, also known as non-tropical sprue, is the most common gluten-related disorder and is a T-cell mediated autoimmune chronic gluten intolerance condition characterized by a loss of villi in the proximal small bowel and gastrointestinal malabsorption (sprue).
It should always be cons...
Article
Myometrial arterial calcification
Myometrial arterial calcification are thought to increase with advancing age and may represent calcification of radial or arcuate arteries of the uterus.
They may have an increased association with atherosclerosis elsewhere.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
They may be seen as hyperechoic m...
Article
Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis (PAGCL)
Postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis (PAGCL) is a rare complication of arthroscopic surgery in which there is rapid dissolution of articular cartilage with degenerative change of the glenohumeral articulation.
Epidemiology
PAGCL is more frequent in young people between 10 and 40 years, a...
Article
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease which usually presents in early infancy as a systemic and central nervous system inflammatory syndrome characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, vasculopathy and encephalopathy. Many of the features are similar to congenital TO...
Article
Chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis represents the end result of a continuous, prolonged, inflammatory, and fibrosing process that affects the pancreas. This results in irreversible morphologic changes and permanent endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Epidemiology
The most common cause of chronic ...
Article
Mass-forming chronic pancreatitis
Mass-forming chronic pancreatitis occurs in around 30% of cases of chronic pancreatitis, where a mass or a focal enlargement of the pancreas is usually seen on imaging. In many instances, it poses a challenge as the epidemiology and imaging appearances overlap those of pancreatic adenocarcinoma....
Article
Rockwood classification of acromioclavicular joint injury
The Rockwood classification (1998) is the most commonly used (c.2024) classification system in use for acromioclavicular joint injuries 3,8,9.
Usage
This well-known 6-type system is a modification of the earlier 3-class classification system described by Allman (1967) 2 and Tossy (1963). The ...
Article
Subcutaneous emphysema
Subcutaneous emphysema (also known commonly, although less correctly, as surgical emphysema), strictly speaking, refers to gas in the subcutaneous tissues. But the term is generally used to describe any soft tissue emphysema of the body wall or limbs since the gas often dissects into the deeper ...
Article
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis (plural: bronchiectases) is defined as an irreversible abnormal dilatation of the bronchial tree. It has a variety of underlying causes, with a common etiology of chronic inflammation. High-resolution CT is the most accurate modality for diagnosis.
Epidemiology
As there are many...
Article
Tram-track sign (chest)
Tram-track sign may be used in chest radiography or CT to denote the thickened non-tapering (parallel) walls of cylindrical bronchiectasis.
It should not be confused with other tram-track signs elsewhere in the body.
Article
Ectopic posterior pituitary
An ectopic posterior pituitary reflects a disruption of normal embryogenesis of the posterior pituitary and is one of the more common causes of pituitary dwarfism. Although it can be an isolated abnormality, numerous other congenital central nervous system malformations have been identified. Whe...
Article
Hamada classification of massive rotator cuff tears
The Hamada classification divides the x-ray features of massive rotator cuff tears into five grades. Subsequently, Walch subdivided grade 4 into two subtypes 1,2.
Classification
Hamada classification with Walch modification of rotator cuff tear arthropathy 1,3:
grade 1: acromiohumeral interva...
Article
Lemierre syndrome
Lemierre syndrome, also known as postanginal septicemia, refers to thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein(s) with distant metastatic anaerobic septicemia in the setting of initial bacterial oropharyngeal infection such as pharyngitis/tonsillitis into lateral pharyngeal spaces of the neck ...
Article
Vitamin B6 excess
Vitamin B6 excess (hypervitaminosis B6) is caused by excessive consumption of supplemental pyridoxine, which is used as a therapeutic agent for several conditions.
Epidemiology
This hypervitaminosis is typically seen in those taking pyridoxine as prescription medication; it remains in use for...
Article
External ventricular drain
External ventricular drains (EVDs) are a common neurosurgical procedure used to monitor and treat raised intracranial pressure in the acute setting.
Complications
infection
EVD malfunction
EVD malposition
intracranial hemorrhage (e.g. subdural, intraventricular)
seizure
See also
intracra...
Article
Ventriculitis
Ventriculitis refers to inflammation, usually due to infection, of the ependymal lining of the cerebral ventricles. It is most often due to concurrent meningitis.
Terminology
The entity or closely related variants have also been variously referred to as ependymitis, ventricular empyema, intrav...
Article
Ventricular system
The ventricular system in the brain is a series of interconnecting spaces and channels within the brain composed of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is produced by ependymal cells which line the ventricles. They are continuous with the central canal. Ventricles contain around 20% of the total aver...
Article
Calcaneal tendon
The calcaneal tendon, commonly known as the Achilles tendon, is the strongest and largest tendon of the human body. It is also one of the commonest tendons to become injured due to its high biomechanical load but poor vascularity 2.
Gross anatomy
The calcaneal tendon forms by the merging of fi...
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