Articles
Articles are a collaborative effort to provide a single canonical page on all topics relevant to the practice of radiology. As such, articles are written and continuously improved upon by countless contributing members. Our dedicated editors oversee each edit for accuracy and style. Find out more about articles.
16,922 results
Article
Theodore Eliot Keats
Theodore Eliot Keats, M.D. (1924-2010) was an eminent American radiologist whose unwavering dedication to education and authorship left an indelible mark on radiology.
Early Life
Theodore Keats was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey (N.J.), on June 26, 1924 1,2. In 1945, he completed his underg...
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Elastofibroma dorsi
Elastofibroma dorsi, a benign soft-tissue tumor, is distinctly situated in the infrascapular or subscapular region, being bilateral close to a third of cases. On imaging, it presents as a poorly defined soft-tissue mass with CT attenuation closely resembling adjacent skeletal muscle.
Epidemiolo...
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Uploading DICOM images to Radiopaedia
Uploading DICOM images to Radiopaedia is possible through the case creation page with full client-side anonymisation.
Here is what occurs:
drag and drop: drag and drop the DICOM folder into the case upload area (this will not be uploaded at this stage)
anonymisation: the files will be proce...
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Hypertrophic olivary degeneration
Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare condition characterized by a unique pattern of trans-synaptic degeneration. Typically it is caused by a lesion in the brainstem/cerebellum interrupting the triangle of Guillain and Mollaret (dentatorubro-olivary pathway), resulting in hypertrophy...
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Endovascular aneurysm sealing system (EVAS)
Endovascular aneurysm sealing system (EVAS) was developed with the intention to expand beyond the anatomic limitations of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) devices, as well as to decrease the rates of re-intervention secondary to graft migration and type II endoleaks.
EVAS was designed by End...
Article
T-tube cholangiogram
T-tube cholangiograms are a fluoroscopic study performed in the setting of hepatobiliary disease. This technique has been largely superseded by MRCP and ERCP.
Typically a T-shaped tube is left in the common bile duct at the time of surgery (e.g. cholecystectomy) and allows for exploration of t...
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Tungsten
Tungsten (chemical symbol, W) is a hard refractory metallic element with remarkable resilience which forms the basis for its industrial uses. It is the metal of choice in the filaments and targets of x-ray tubes. There is no evidence that tungsten is required by the human body, although some mic...
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Carotid near-occlusion
Carotid near-occlusion is a special form of severe carotid artery stenosis that results in a partial or complete collapse of the distal internal carotid artery lumen due to underfilling.
It should not be confused with carotid pseudo-occlusion due to terminal intracranial internal carotid arter...
Article
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), formerly termed contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) 12, describes an association between intravenous or intra-arterial contrast administration and renal impairment, but increasingly the evidence shows that contrast is not the cause of the renal impai...
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Denver criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury
The Denver criteria are a set of screening criteria used to determine when CT angiography of the neck is indicated to detect blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) in patients presenting after trauma.
Screening criteria
The Denver criteria were initially developed in 1996 1, modified in 2005 to ...
Article
Ilizarov apparatus
The Ilizarov apparatus (aka Ilizarov frame) is an external metallic orthopedic fixation device used to length or reshape limbs from congenital deformity or following injury. It acts through the slow bone extension and soft tissues including nerves, blood vessels and muscles.
Uses
bone lengthe...
Article
Cholera
Cholera is an acute infective diarrheal illness caused by Vibrio cholerae. Severe cholera causes large volume liquid stools, which may rapidly lead to hypovolemic shock and death, unless intensive rehydration therapy is instituted. Prevention of cholera depends upon access to clean water and eff...
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Pernicious anemia
Pernicious anemia is the commonest cause of vitamin B12 deficiency (or hypocobalaminemia) in the world and is due to an autoantibody against intrinsic factor, the cofactor required for absorption of this vitamin.
Epidemiology
Pernicious anemia is the commonest cause of hypovitaminosis B12 glob...
Article
Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer
Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers (PAU) are pathologies that involve the aortic wall and along with aortic dissection and aortic intramural hematoma, form the spectrum of acute aortic syndrome.
Epidemiology
Typically, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers are seen in elderly male patients with ...
Article
Image preparation
Image preparation is a very important part of Radiopaedia.org, and we aim for high-quality images and uniformity across the site. As always, patient anonymity is essential, and any images with patient details included will be removed, and cases will usually be deleted.
Images
Quality
Radiolog...
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WHO classification of tumors of the kidney
The World Health Organisatiοn (WHO) classification of tumors of the kidney is the most commonly used pathologic classification system for such disorders. The revision, part of the 4th edition of the WHO series, was published in 2016 as part of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Urinary Syst...
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JC virus granule cell neuronopathy
JC virus granule cell neuronopathy results from the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JC virus), infecting granule cell neurons in the cerebellum, in patients with compromised immune systems.
Epidemiology
JC virus granule cell neuronopathy is considered a rare manifestation of JC viru...
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Oligoastrocytoma (historical)
Oligoastrocytomas is a historical term no longer recognized in the WHO classification of CNS tumors previously to denote intracranial tumors that are part of the glial cell continuum, with mixed oligodendroglial and astrocytic cell populations based on histological features and typically occurre...
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Suspected physical abuse
Suspected physical abuse (SPA), also known as non-accidental injury (NAI) or inflicted injury, in infants and young children represents both ethical and legal challenges to treating physicians.
Radiologists may be the first clinical staff to suspect non-accidental injuries when confronted with ...
Article
Testicular seminoma
Testicular seminomas are a type of germ cell tumor and the most common testicular tumor, accounting for ~45% of all primary testicular tumors. This article concerns only testicular seminomas; however, seminomas can arise outside of the testis, most often within the anterior mediastinum (see arti...
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