Search results for “multiple sclerosis”
71 results found
Article
Hereditary multiple diaphyseal sclerosis
Hereditary multiple diaphyseal sclerosis, also known as Ribbing disease, is a rare sclerosing dysplasia.
Epidemiology
It is more common in females and typically occurs in middle-aged individuals1-2.
Clinical presentation
It may be painful or asymptomatic.
Pathology
Location
Ribbing dise...
Article
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and skeletal fragility.
The World Health Organization (WHO) operationally defines osteoporosis as a bone mineral density T-score less than -2.5 SD (more than 2.5 standard deviations under the young-adult mean), which ...
Article
Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome
Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome is the persistence or re-occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) symptoms after carpal tunnel release surgery.
Epidemiology
The re-operation rate for new or persistent CTS symptoms is 1-3% 1-3.
Pathology
Persistence or re-occurrence of CTS symptoms may be ...
Article
Juxtacortical
Juxtacortical is a general term and merely denotes 'next to cortex' and can be used in a variety of context depending on the structure (e.g. bone, brain, kidney etc.).
Juxtacortical brain lesions
The term juxtacortical is most commonly encountered in the brain in the context of multiple scler...
Article
Charcot joint
Charcot joint, also known as a neuropathic joint or Charcot (neuro/osteo)arthropathy, refers to a progressive degenerative/destructive joint disorder in patients with abnormal pain sensation and proprioception.
Epidemiology
In modern Western societies by far the most common cause of Charcot jo...
Article
Camurati-Engelmann disease
Camurati-Engelmann disease, also known as progressive diaphyseal dysplasia, is a rare autosomal dominant sclerosing bone dysplasia. It begins in childhood and follows a progressive course.
Clinical presentation
Common symptoms include extremity pain, muscle weakness, cranial nerve impairment a...
Article
Intramedullary osteosclerosis
Intramedullary osteosclerosis is a sclerosing dysplasia associated with increased bone formation within the medullary cavity. It is a diagnosis of exclusion.
Epidemiology
There is a female predilection, with the condition usually discovered in adulthood. No hereditary risk has been demonstrat...
Article
Cervical degenerative spondylosis (grading)
Cervical degenerative disease is extremely common. Cervical spondylosis can be graded using a very old but reliable classification devised by Jonas Kellgren et al 1,2. It is based on findings on a lateral cervical spine radiograph although it can also be applied to MRI evaluation of spine.
The ...
Article
Intraosseous lipoma
Intraosseous lipomas are rare benign lesions that account for about 0.1-2.5% of all bone tumors. They are, however, the most common lipogenic tumors in bone 6.
Intraosseous lipomas account for one of the 'I's in the popular mnemonic for lucent bone lesions FEGNOMASHIC.
Epidemiology
Intraosseo...
Case
Intrathecal baclofen pump
Published
24 Sep 2017
89% complete
CT
Article
Intracortical osteosarcoma
Intracortical osteosarcoma is the rarest variety of osteosarcoma and represents less than 1% of all osteosarcoma cases.
Epidemiology
Like other subtypes of osteosarcoma, it also typically presents in adolescents and young adults (mean age 19 years). It has a slight male predominance.
Patholog...
Article
Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis
The Kellgren and Lawrence system is a common method of classifying the severity of osteoarthritis (OA) using five grades.
The original paper 1 graded OA at the following sites and projections:
hands: posteroanterior
cervical spine: lateral
lumbar spine (facet joints only): lateral
hips: an...
Article
Vertebra plana
Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture.
Pathology
It can occur in a var...
Article
Sclerosing bone dysplasia (overview)
Sclerosing bone dysplasias comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders (skeletal dysplasias) united by the presence of sclerosis of one form or another:
craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
craniometaphyseal dysplasia
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome
hereditary multiple diaphyseal dysplasia (Ribbing disea...
Case
Camptocormia (bent spine syndrome)
Published
26 Jul 2016
94% complete
X-ray
Article
Raynaud phenomenon
Raynaud phenomenon, also known as Raynaud syndrome, describes a localized vasculopathy whereby there is an exaggerated vascular response to cold temperature or emotional stresses.
Terminology
Raynaud phenomenon is classified as being either 'primary' or idiopathic, or 'secondary' to another un...
Case
Osteoarthritis of the knee
Published
18 Jan 2014
94% complete
X-ray
Article
Toddler fracture
A toddler fracture is a minimally displaced or undisplaced spiral fracture, usually of the tibia, typically encountered in toddlers. It is a potentially difficult diagnosis to establish on account of both the symptoms and imaging findings being subtle.
Terminology
The term has sometimes also b...
Article
Main differentials in musculoskeletal imaging
Here is a list of some of the most useful differential diagnoses in musculoskeletal imaging.
By process
lucent/lytic bone lesions (FEGNOMASHIC)
multiple lucent/lytic bone lesions
benign lytic bone lesions in patients under 30 years old
diffuse bony sclerosis
permeative process in bone
pse...
Case
Osteoarthritis
Published
30 Aug 2021
75% complete
X-ray
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