64 results
Article
Hemosiderosis
Hemosiderosis (plural: haemosideroses) is a general term referring to the accumulation of hemosiderin, which particularly occurs in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and does not cause organ damage.
Pathology
Some causes include:
frequent transfusions
mainly depositional siderosis in reti...
Article
Hemochromatosis (CNS manifestations)
Central nervous system manifestations of hemochromatosis are uncommon and can occur in either primary or secondary hemochromatosis.
For a general discussion, and for links to other system specific manifestations, please refer to the article on hemochromatosis.
Epidemiology
Studies reporting p...
Article
Hemochromatosis
Hemochromatosis is an iron overload disorder characterized by a progressive increase in total body iron stores and deposition of iron in some non-reticuloendothelial system (RES) body organs which results in some instances of organ dysfunction.
This article focuses on the general principles of ...
Article
Modified Boston criteria for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (historical)
The modified Boston criteria, or the Boston criteria 1.5, were proposed in 2010 in order to incorporate cortical superficial siderosis into the diagnoses of probable and possible cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) 1. They consist of combined clinical, imaging and pathological parameters, and are ...
Article
Cerebral small vessel disease
Cerebral small vessel disease, also known as cerebral microangiopathy, is an umbrella term for lesions in the brain attributed to pathology of small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, or small veins. It is the most common cause of vascular dementia/cognitive impairment and is a major ca...
Article
Blooming artifact (MRI)
Blooming artifact is a susceptibility artifact encountered on some MRI sequences in the presence of paramagnetic substances that affect the local magnetic milieux. Although it is an artifact, it may be deliberately exploited to improve detection of certain small lesions, much as the T1 shortenin...
Article
Splenic lesions and anomalies
There are a number of splenic lesions and anomalies:
Gamuts
hypervascular splenic lesions
Congenital anomalies
accessory spleen
wandering spleen
asplenia
polysplenia
bipartite spleen
splenogonadal fusion
retrorenal spleen
Mass lesions
Benign mass lesions
splenic cyst
splenic pseudo...
Article
Inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy is an uncommon cerebral amyloid deposition disease, closely related to the far more common non-inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and can present as areas of vasogenic edema.
Terminology
The term "inflammatory cerebral amyloid angiopathy" can be ...
Article
Boston criteria 2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy
The Boston criteria 2.0 were proposed in 2022 in order to better include leptomeningeal and white matter characteristics into the diagnoses of probable and possible cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) 1. They consist of combined clinical, imaging and pathological parameters, and are based upon the...
Article
Medical abbreviations and acronyms (C)
This article contains a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and acronyms that start with the letter C and may be encountered in medicine and radiology (please keep both the main list and any sublists in alphabetic order).
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q...
Article
Pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconioses are a broad group of lung diseases that are usually categorized as resulting from inhalation of inorganic dust particles 10. They are therefore considered part of the spectrum of inhalational lung diseases, and also occupational lung diseases.
Epidemiology
Associations
Caplan s...
Article
Leptomeninges
Leptomeninges (singular: leptomeninx) comprise both the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. This term is usually used in association with the term pachymeninx, a synonymous term for the dura mater.
History and etymology
Leptomeninx comes from the Ancient Greek 'leptos' meaning thin and 'meninx'...
Article
Cirrhosis (CNS manifestations)
There are several central nervous system complications that can arise in the setting of cirrhosis, which can be classified as those which are general (essentially hepatic encephalopathy) and those that are specific to the cause of cirrhosis.
General manifestations
The major manifestation is he...
Article
Aceruloplasminemia
Aceruloplasminemia is an autosomal recessive type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation and disorder of iron metabolism caused by a mutation in the ceruloplasmin (CP) gene resulting in the production of dysfunctional ceruloplasmin.
Epidemiology
Aceruloplasminemia is a very rare dis...
Article
Diffuse cerebellar atrophy
Diffuse atrophy of the cerebellum refers to a progressive and irreversible reduction in cerebellar volume. It is a relatively common finding and found in a wide variety of clinical scenarios.
Terminology
Diffuse cerebellar atrophy can be difficult to distinguish from global cerebellar hypopla...
Article
Cauda equina neuroendocrine tumor
Cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors are rare sporadic WHO grade 1 tumors, almost invariably found below the conus arising either from the filum terminal or less commonly from the cauda equina 5.
Terminology
These tumors were previously known as spinal paragangliomas however they are molecularl...
Article
Sensorineural hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) refers to deafness secondary to conditions affecting the inner ear, internal acoustic canal, cerebellopontine angle, or vestibulocochlear nerve.
It an be classified audiometrically into two types
sensory (cochlear)
neural (retrocochlear)
Pathology
Conditio...
Article
Cerebral transthyretin-associated amyloidoses
Cerebral involvement can be seen transthyretin-associated amyloidoses and presents as a neurodegenerative disease.
Epidemiology
Age of presentation is very wide, ranging from adolescence to old age 1.
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation is variable, but includes 1:
dementia
spast...
Article
Non-calcified hyperdense pulmonary nodules
Non-calcified hyperdense pulmonary nodules are predominantly the result of inhalational exposure to substances, although embolization of material may cause dense nodular opacification within the lung.
inhalation disease, e.g. pneumoconioses
pulmonary baritosis (barium dust)
pulmonary siderosi...
Article
Intracranial mycotic aneurysm
Intracranial mycotic aneurysms, or intracranial infectious aneurysms, describe aneurysms arising from infection of the arterial wall of intracranial vessels.
See mycotic aneurysm for a general discussion on infectious aneurysms.
Epidemiology
The epidemiology of intracerebral mycotic aneurysms...
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