103 results
Article
Single layer periosteal reaction
Single layer (or lamellar) periosteal reaction is a uniformly dense, single thin layer of new bone about 1-2 mm from the cortical surface. It usually denotes an acute or subacute pathological process. Passive hyperemia causes increased osteoblastic activity and production of new bone.
Pathology...
Article
Periosteal reaction
Periosteal reaction is a nonspecific radiographic finding that indicates new bone formation in reaction to the abnormal stimulants. Periosteal reactions may be broadly characterized as benign or aggressive, or more specifically categorized by pattern.
Terminology
Periosteal reaction is the rec...
Article
Transient synovitis of the hip
Transient synovitis of the hip refers to a self-limiting acute inflammatory condition affecting the synovial lining of the hip. It is considered one of the most common causes of hip pain and limping in young children. Over 90% of hip joint effusions in children tend to be due to transient synovi...
Article
Gardner syndrome
Gardner syndrome is one of the polyposis syndromes. It is characterized by:
familial adenopolyposis
multiple osteomas: especially of the mandible, skull, and long bones
epidermal cysts
fibromatoses
desmoid tumors of mesentery and anterior abdominal wall
Other abnormalities include:
supern...
Article
Osteopoikilosis
Osteopoikilosis is a sclerosing bony dysplasia characterized by multiple bone islands. It is a rare inherited benign condition incidentally found on skeletal radiographs. Its importance is predominantly in correct diagnosis so that it is not mistaken for pathology.
Epidemiology
The bone island...
Article
Describing a bone lesion
Describing a bone lesion is an essential skill for the radiologist, used to form an accurate differential diagnosis for neoplastic entities, and occasionally non-neoplastic. In addition to patient demographics, the radiographic features of a bone lesion are often the primary determinant of non-h...
Article
Pilomatricoma
A pilomatricoma is an uncommon, benign neoplasm thought to arise from hair cortex cells.
Terminology
It was formerly referred to as pilomatrixoma or calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe.
Epidemiology
the reported incidence of pilomatricoma ranges between 1 in 500-2000
they make up 0.12% of cu...
Article
Ossifying fibroma
Ossifying fibromas are benign bone lesions that should be differentiated from non-ossifying fibromas and fibrous dysplasia. Osteofibrous dysplasia is considered as a separate pathological entity in view of its different presentation and treatment, although histopathologically similar to ossifyin...
Article
Solitary bone plasmacytoma
Solitary bone plasmacytomas are an uncommon plasma cell tumor which are localized to bone. They may involve any bone, but they have a predisposition for the red marrow-containing axial skeleton:
spinal disease is observed in ~50% (range 34-72%) of cases
the thoracic vertebrae are most commonly...
Article
Double density sign (berry aneurysm)
Double density sign of berry aneurysms refers to the angiographic appearance of a small intracranial aneurysm projecting in front or behind a vessel of similar caliber. As such, the border of the aneurysm cannot easily be seen, but the extra contrast within it can be seen as a rounded area of in...
Article
Stress response
Stress response or stress reaction is the early result of bone failing to withstand a repetitive, cumulative loading force.
Terminology
Stress response of bone is synonymously used with 'stress reaction' and is an early form of osseous 'stress injury', which also encompasses a stress fracture ...
Article
WHO classification of eye tumors
The World Health Organizatiοn (WHO) classification of eye tumors is a widely used pathologic classification system of neoplasms of the orbit. The current revision, part of the 4th edition of the WHO series, was published in 2018 and is reflected in the article below 1.
Classification
Tumors of...
Article
Double density sign (left atrium)
The double-density sign, also known as the double right heart border, is seen on frontal chest radiographs in the presence of left atrial enlargement, and occurs when the right side of the left atrium extends behind the right cardiac shadow, indenting the adjacent lung and forming its own distin...
Article
Brain stone
Brain stones, also known as cerebral calculi, refers to large intracranial calcifications that may be solitary or multiple.
Clinical presentation
If symptomatic, patients most commonly present with seizures.
Pathology
Localization of brain stones can help narrow the underlying etiology but...
Article
Bone surface lesions
Bone surface lesions refer to all neoplastic or neoplastic-like lesions arising from the bone surface (cortex, periosteum, and parosteal fibrous tissues) and developing outside of the bone medullary canal.
Neoplastic
fat-containing matrix
parosteal lipoma
parosteal osteoliposarcoma 2
bone m...
Article
Osteoid
Osteoid is a protein mixture secreted by osteoblasts that forms the organic matrix of bone. Bone is formed when osteoid mineralizes.
Osteoid is important in several disease processes:
failure of osteoid to mineralize leads to osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
focal accumulations...
Article
Leave alone lesions - paranasal sinuses
Leave alone lesions are findings that are usually discovered incidentally and do not require any specific treatment or follow-up if the patient is asymptomatic.
This article includes findings from paranasal sinus CT and MRI studies.
physiological process
nasal cycle
anatomical variants
conc...
Article
Subchondral fracture
A subchondral fracture is a fracture of the trabecular cancellous bone just beneath the subchondral bone plate without disruption of the articular surface 1.
Epidemiology
Subchondral insufficiency fractures are more common in elderly women 1,4,6. Subchondral fractures due to trauma can occur a...
Article
Brodie abscess
Brodie abscess is an intraosseous abscess related to a focus of subacute or chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis. Unfortunately, there is no reliable way to radiographically exclude a focus of osteomyelitis. It has a protean radiographic appearance and can occur at any location and in a patient of any...
Article
Differential diagnosis for calcified masses in the mandible
Differential diagnosis for calcified masses in the mandible includes:
calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst)
calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (Pindborg tumor)
fibrous dysplasia
foreign body
odontoma
cemento-ossifying fibroma
osteoma
synovial osteochondromatosis
focal sclerosi...
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